银粉背蕨配子体及幼孢子体发育的研究  

Development of Gametophyte and Young Sporophyte of the Fern Aleuritopteris argentea

作　　者：陈思琦[1] 简金晶 张妍[1] 戴锡玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院,上海200234

出　　处：《植物研究》2017年第1期8-14,共7页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金(15ZR1430500);上海市科学技术委员会课题(14DZ2260400);上海市绿化市容管理局科学技术攻关项目(G152430);上海市教育委员会大学生创新项目(A-9103-14-007111)~~

摘　　要：银粉背蕨是一种小型观赏蕨类植物,但目前我国对该蕨的研究还不够成熟。本文利用改良Knop’s培养基和腐殖土培养银粉背蕨的孢子,观察其配子体及幼孢子体形态发育特征,并研究了其配子体发育的最适培养基p H值。研究结果显示:(1)银粉背蕨孢子黄褐色,具三裂缝,极面观三角圆形,赤道面观为近半圆形,孢子具网状纹饰;孢子萌发为书带蕨型;原叶体发育为水蕨型;颈卵器和精子器为薄囊蕨型;成熟原叶体为对称的心脏形,不具毛状体;上述特征为银粉背蕨孢子和配子体发育的稳定特征。(2)培养基p H值在7.0~9.0时随着碱性的增强,银粉背蕨孢子萌发和配子体生长发育速度逐渐增加。(3)利用腐殖土培养银粉背蕨孢子,7~8周可发育成幼叶,成苗率达90%,成苗健壮,根系发达,是扩繁银粉背蕨的适宜方式。本文为资源植物银粉背蕨人工繁殖和演化研究提供科学依据。Aleuritopteris argentea is a small ornamental ferns. We observed the developmental features of gametophyte and sporophyte of A. argentea cultured in Knop＇ s medium and humus medium using microscopical techniques, and studied the optimum pH value for the gametophyte development. The results show that ： （ 1 ） the spores are yellow-brown, tetrahedral, and trilete with reticulate ornamentations. Polar view is triangle circle and the equatorial view is nearly semicircular. The germination is Vittaria-type and the gametophyte development is Ceratopteris-type. The mature gametophytes are cordate. The archegonia and antheridia are leptosporangiate- type. No hairs are formed during gametophyte development. The above features of the gametophytes in the fern A. argentea are stable. （2） the enhancement the pH value in 7.0 - 9.0 is beneficial for spore germination and gametophyte development. （3）the spore and gametophytes develop on humus medium produced seedlings after 7 -8 weeks. The viability of sporophytes obtain in this medium are strong with developed roots and easy to transplant. Percentage of seedling emergency reaches to 90%. Our investigation is benefit for the artificial propagation and evolution of the resource plant A. argentea.

关 键 词：银粉背蕨 配子体发育 幼孢子体 PH值 

分 类 号：S682.35[农业科学—观赏园艺]