甘蓝型冬油菜在西北寒旱区适应性分析  

Analysis of adaptability of winter rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) in cold and drought areas of Northwest China

作　　者：侯献飞 孙万仓[1,2] 方彦[1,3,2] 武军艳[1,3,2] 刘自刚[1,3,2] 刘林波[1,2] 钱武[1,2] 马骊[1,2] 陈奇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省油菜工程技术研究中心,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年第6期63-68,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系"北方寒旱区冬油菜育种岗位科学家"(CARS-13);国家自然基金"白菜型油菜抗寒评价指标体系及数学模型构建"(31460356);973计划"油菜高产油量形成的分子生物学机制"(2015CB150206);国家863计划专项"强优势油菜杂交种的创制与应用"(2011AA10A104);国家农业科技成果转化项目(2014G10000317)

摘　　要：为了研究甘蓝型冬油菜在西北寒旱区的适应性,以29份甘蓝型冬油菜品系为材料,分析在天水、兰州两个试点越冬率、生育期、产量、含油量及农艺性状的差异。结果表明,参试品系在天水试点越冬率均高于兰州试点,在天水试点,21份参试品系越冬率80.00%以上,而兰州试点在覆盖条件下越冬率平均为14.49%,最高为平甘1号(48.50%)。联合方差表明,试点气候差异是引起越冬率差异的最主要原因。与天水试点相比,参试品系北移至兰州试点后越冬期延长,冬后生育期缩短,全生育期延长;在天水试点参试品系株高、分枝部位、主花序长度、千粒重、折合每667 m^2产量、含油量平均值分别为133.52 cm、32.79 cm、51.37 cm、3.15 g、184.20 kg、40.16%,较兰州分别高22.11 cm、31.58 cm、2.47 cm、0.66 g、160.54 kg、22.54%;变异分析表明,在天水试点参试品系越冬率、主要农艺性状、产量、含油量变异系数相对兰州试点较小,相对稳定。结论:天水试点气候条件更适合甘蓝型冬油菜的生长,参试品系越冬率高、农艺性状良好、产量高、含油量高,适应性强。To study the suitability of Brassica napus L.in cold and dry regions of northwest China,in this study,29 lines of Brassica napus L.were compared on their winter-survival,growth period,yield components,oil content and agronomic traits in Tianshui and Lanzhou.The results showed that wintering rates of all tested lines in Tianshui site were higher than those in Lanzhou.In Tianshui,over-wintering rates of 21 tested lines were higher than 80.0% in.However,in Lanzhou,the average over-wintering rate with mulching was 14.49% and the highest was 48.5% for Pinggan 1.The combined variance showed that pilot climate difference was the main reason causing the difference in over-wintering rate.Compared with those in Tianshui,northward-expanded（Lanzhou） rapeseed plants exhibited great changes in the progression of growth,as reflected mainly by the significantly prolonged over-wintering period,shortened growth period in postwinter and prolonged whole growth period.In Tianshui,plant height,branch height,length of main florescence,1000-seed weight,yield per 667 m-2 and averaged oil content were 133.52 cm,32.79 cm,51.37 cm,3.15 g,184.20 kg and 40.16%,higher than those of 22.11 cm,31.58 cm,2.47 cm,0.66 g,160.54 kg and 22.54% in Lanzhou.The variation analysis showed that in Tianshui,the over-wintering rate,the main agronomic traits,yield and oil content variation coefficient were relatively stable,less than those in Lanzhou.In conclusion,it is indicated that Tianshui has the characteristics of outstanding over-wintering rate,good agronomic characters,high yield,high oil content,and wide adaptation.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 抗寒性 农艺性状 含油量 变异分析 

分 类 号：S332.5[农业科学—作物遗传育种] S634.3[农业科学—农艺学]