环境损害评估中修复方案的费用效益分析  

Cost-benefit Analysis of Remediation Plan in Environment Damage Assessment

作　　者：赵丹[1,2] 於方[1] 王膑[1] Zhao Dan Yu Fang Wang Bin(Center for Environmental Risk and Damage Assessment, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, MEP, Beijing 100012, China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境规划院环境风险与损害鉴定评估研究中心,北京100012 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2016年第6期16-22,共7页Environmental Protection Science

摘　　要：土壤、地下水和地表水等污染治理成本通常较高,但修复后会带来众多直接和间接效益,因此,在进行修复决策和环境损害评估时应当予以综合考虑。文章对环境修复成本效益分析的定义、目的和方法进行了阐述,并结合具体案例解释了环境修复成本效益分析的具体过程。修复成本通常依据价格指南、费用估算模型/软件、类似工程经验、承包商报价等进行估算,修复效益可采用享乐价格法,根据个人意愿为环境支付的费用,进行计算。案例研究结果表明,环境修复效益及其受益方并不是单一的,在进行较大规模的环境修复决策时,应由政府进行干预,并积极寻求各利益相关方的配合,综合评估其经济可行性。在环境损害评估中,也应形成多方协调机制,科学合理地评价修复方案的费用和效益,合理确定赔偿数额。Treatment of soil, groundwater and surface water pollution was usually costly, while it created a lot of direct and indirect benefits simultaneously, which should be considered in remediation decision and environmental damage assessment. In this paper, definition, purpose and methods about cost-benefit analysis（CBA） of environmental remediation was reviewed and the process of the CBA of environmental remediation was explained with a specific case. Cost of remediation was estimated according to the cost guideline, cost estimation models/software, similar cases and quoted price provided by contractors. Benefit of remediation was evaluated by use of hedonic price method and calculated on the basis of people＇s willingness to pay for the environment. The results from case study showed that the benefits of environmental remediation were diverse and their beneficiaries were not sole. With regard to the major decisions on environmental remediation, government intervention and cooperation among stakeholders were essential, and economic viability should be comprehensively evaluated. In environmental damage assessment, multi-party coordination mechanism was also crucial to scientifically and reasonably assess the cost and benefit of the remediation plan and determine the amount of compensation accordingly.

关 键 词：环境损害 评估 修复方案 费用效益分析 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]