司马光《潜虚》的世界  

Sima Guang and the World of Qian Xu

作　　者：方诚峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院历史系

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第1期167-182,共16页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：《潜虚》是司马光的未完之作,系一部篇幅较短的象数类作品。本文首先对《潜虚》文本进行了甄别,认为今本《潜虚》虽由后人补完,但其结构是司马光本人确立的。其次,本文跳出道学谱系,重点研究了《潜虚》的理论与现实语境。《潜虚》以象数的形式回应了北宋中期普遍的理论问题:如何统合天人。其答案,即天人法则的一致性,则构成为唐宋思想转型中的重要环节。《潜虚·体图》不仅仅是司马光等级名分论、君主核心论的简单呈现,更是以"政体"说回答了他晚年所面临的最大政治困境——王安石变法。《潜虚》针对的是当时最为迫切的理论与现实问题,在宋代思想史与政治史上都有重要的意义。This article provides an intellectual history of Qian Xu,an incomplete work by Sima Guang(1019-1086).It began with a textual criticism demonstrating that although the present complete edition of Qian Xu was finished posthumously by others,it was Sima Guang himself who had established its main structure.Then the study,which attempts to shift away from the perspective of Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy,investigates the theoretical and practical contexts of Qian Xu and arrives at two conclusions.First,Qian Xu offered a response to the question of integrating heaven and man,a prevailing theoretical concern of the middle Northern Song.Sima's answer,which pointed to the coherence between the principles of heaven and the principles of human,constituted an important step in the Tang-Song intellectual transition.Second,the Ti Tu diagram in Qian Xu had a special meaning.Other than simply visualizing Sima's principles of hierarchy and monarchy,the diagram proposed a theory of governmental structure as a solution to Sima's greatest challenge,the Wang Anshi Reform.In conclusion,Qian Xu directed toward the most pressing theoretical and practical problems of its era,and thus had great significance in both the intellectual and the political history of the Song Dynasty.

关 键 词：司马光 《潜虚》 天人关系 政体 

分 类 号：B244.99[哲学宗教—中国哲学]