二种交配型球孢白僵菌对亚洲玉米螟的生态控制作用  

Ecological control of the Asian corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)by two cloned Beauveria bassiana strains

作　　者：冯树丹[1] 李晓慧[1,2] 汪洋洲[2] 张军[2] 徐文静[2] 张正坤[2] 王德利[3] 李启云[2] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学,哈尔滨150025 [2]吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所,公主岭136100 [3]东北师范大学,长春130024

出　　处：《生态学报》2017年第2期650-658,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江自然科学基金项目(C201307);吉林省科技厅重大科技攻关项目(20140203006NY)

摘　　要：利用生物种间互做关系抑制农业害虫的暴发是生物防治的重要手段。为探讨二种交配型内共生球孢白僵菌与玉米之间的互惠关系及其形成的共生体在亚洲玉米螟控制中的生态效应,以玉米为宿主植物,以球孢白僵菌孢子悬浮液进行灌根,在温室内构建了二种交配型(MAT1-1-1型,B5;MAT1-2-1型,B2)球孢白僵菌-玉米共生体,并研究了共生体对玉米的生长、对亚洲玉米螟的产卵选择和幼虫发育及其对球孢白僵菌生物学特性的影响。结果显示:通过叶片离体培养、ITS基因和交配型基因MAT检测,均能检测到白僵菌的内生定殖;MAT1-2-1型B2菌株定殖检出率高,MAT1-1-1型B5菌株在混合型接种中定殖有优势。回收后的球孢白僵菌菌落直径和毒力无显著性变化,但其产孢量都显著提高其中回收B5处理组来源菌株的产孢量提高最显著。接种过球孢白僵菌的玉米植株地上部生长速度、生物量和地下根系生物量均优于对照组,其中根系干重明显增加,而地上植株干重也相对增加。MAT1-1-1型菌株B5对共生体玉米植株地上高度促生长贡献明显;MAT1-2-1型菌株B2对共生体玉米植株地下干重增加贡献明显。总体上球孢白僵菌内生定殖对玉米地下根系生物量影响大于对地上植株生物量的影响。在产卵选择性试验中,各处理组亚洲玉米螟的产卵量显著少于对照组。共生体对亚洲玉米螟产卵具有明显的趋避作用,MAT1-2-1型菌株B2对产卵的趋避作用明显,而MAT1-2-1型菌株B5的趋避作用较弱。在人工接种幼虫的试验中,处理组回收的亚洲玉米螟幼虫存活率均显著低于对照组,其中,B5组回收幼虫的存活率最低,仅为38.33%;处理组的化蛹率与对照组差异不显著,但B5组的回收幼虫化蛹率显著低于B2组和对照组,仅为34.77%,这说明MAT1-1-1型B5菌株对玉米螟幼虫发育抑制最明显。上述结果表明,不同交配型球孢白僵菌内生定殖效率有Ecological control methods are important for controlling agricultural pests. The Asian corn borer （ACB）, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guen6e）, has been an extremely serious pest, that cause severe reduction in corn yields. The ubiquitous entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has been used to suppress populations of the European corn borer （ ECB）, O. nubilalis, and ACB globally. Most studies have focused on the application of B. bassiana, with limited studies on the relationship between the fungus, corn, and insects. Our previous research indicated that B. bassiana with two mating- gene types, MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1, could colonize corn. These mating-type genes had mutation sites cloned from endophytic fungal strains, which revealed corn plants and insects could impact fungal evolution. The purpose of the present study was to create endophytic symbiosis and determine the interaction among B. bassiana （entophytic fungus ）, corn plants, and ACB. We created a B. bassiana-corn endophytic symbiosis by inoculating two mating-gene type B. bassiana strains （MAT1-1-1 type B5 and MAT1-2-1 type B2） into corn plants in a suspension with a concentration of 1 × 10^7 spores/mL. The effect of endophytic symbiosis on the growth of corn plants, oviposition preference of ACB adults, development of ACB larvae, and biological variation of B. bassiana were evaluated in the greenhouse. The results showed that endophytic B. bassiana could be detected from corn leaves in vitro by culture. ITS and mating-type gene amplification and sequencing confirmed the successful creation of endophytic symbiosis. The MAT1-2-1 type B2 treatment group showed a higher endophytic detection rate than MAT1- 1- 1 type B5, whereas MAT1- 1- 1 type B5 was more successful during co- inoculation than MAT1-2- 1 type B2. The variation of the colony diameter and virulence of the recovered B. bassiana were not significant, but the spornlation quantity improved significantly, and the EN-B5 strain （recovered from the B5 treatment） changed the most o

关 键 词：球孢白僵菌 交配型 亚洲玉米螟 生态控制 

分 类 号：S435.132[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]