中国转型期的食品安全治理——基于行为法经济学的分析  

China's Food Safety Administration during Transition——An Analysis Based on Behavioral Law and Economics

作　　者：刘瑞明[1] 段雨玮 黄维乔 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院 [2]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所 [3]美国西密歇根大学Timothy Light中国研究中心

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2017年第1期98-116,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目"中国地区间贸易壁垒对企业自主创新的影响研究:机制识别与政策选择"(批准号71303185);教育部人文社会科学基金项目"中国地区间的贸易壁垒对企业自主创新影响的内在机理研究"(批准号13XJA790003);陕西省社会科学基金项目"陕西省企业自主创新道路构建的政策调整研究"(批准号12D124)

摘　　要：近年来,愈演愈烈的食品安全事故令人担忧。为什么在政府采取了多种手段进行治理后,食品行业的假冒伪劣产品仍然层出不穷?本文在更为贴近现实的行为法经济学分析框架下研究发现:企业的"短视认知偏差"会放大"造假冲动",使得企业生产更多的假冒伪劣产品,而且企业的造假行为具有"自我强化效应"和"互动传染效应",这些效应在不完善的制度环境中被进一步放大,形成"行业危机"。这更好地拟合了现实情况,有效弥补了新古典模型的分析缺陷。在行为法经济学视角下,即使不改变其他的制度,仅仅改变监管资源的分配,就可以取得更好的短期效果。针对企业的"短视认知偏差",通过设置"黑名单"和"累犯重罚"制度,重点监控"领队企业"、公司治理结构差的企业以及造假成本较低的行业等措施可以有效"锁定"企业的造假动机。短期治理措施和长期的制度调整之间具有"交叉加强效应",可以通过"多管齐下"的方式起到更好的治理效果。因此,应当采取短期治理措施和长期治理战略搭配,"长短兼顾、协同治理"的手段。本文的研究修正和弥补了传统分析中的不足,对当前食品安全治理和未来相关法律法规的修订与完善具有重要启示。In recent years, a series of serious food safety incidents have raised grave public concerns. Even though the government has undertaken a variety of measures to address the food safety problem, why is it that the counterfeit and inferior products still keep emerging in the markets relentlessly？ Based on the framework of behavioral law and economics, this paper finds that ＂myopic perception and cognitive bias＂ may induce ＂impulsive counterfeiting＂, prompting enterprises to produce more fake and inferior products. Corporative fraud behavior exhibits the ＂self-reinforcing effect＂ and ＂interactive contagion effect＂. These effects are likely to be further enlarged especially in an environment with inadequate law enforcement and imperfect information disclosure mechanism. In the short term, it can effectively suppress （＂choke hold＂） the fraud incentive of some enterprises by setting up a ＂blacklist＂ system to harshly penalize the offending enterprises, and to closely monitor suspicious leading offenders and enterprises with poor corporate governance structure or enterprises likely to benefit from economies of scale from offense. To achieve effective food safety administration, it needs a suitable combination and coordination of compatible short-term containment measures and long-term strategies. What＇s more, because of the ＂cross-enhancing or mutual reinforcing effect＂ among all these methods, the food safety issue can be better tackled if the involved government agencies can work together to mount a multi-prone attack on the problem. Our research aims to make up for the deficiency of the traditional analysis, and improve the current food safety administration system.

关 键 词：食品安全 造假行为 短视认知偏差 锁定效应 行为法经济学 

分 类 号：F123[经济管理—世界经济]