太湖流域典型稻田大气氨排放特征及其影响因子  

Research on ammonia emission characteristics and its influencing factors from paddy fields in Taihu Lake region

作　　者：陈园[1] 房效凤 沈根祥[2] 徐昶[2] 钱晓雍[2] 赵子刚 于绍凤 李金文[2] 王振旗[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,上海200237 [2]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [3]上海青浦现代农业园区,上海201717

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2017年第1期119-128,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：上海市环保科研项目(沪环科2014-25;2015-98);上海市自然科学基金项目(15ZR1434900)

摘　　要：应用微气象学水平通量法对太湖流域水稻种植季节不同施肥阶段大气氨排放特征进行监测,并对田间水NH+4-N浓度和p H、土壤NH+4-N浓度和温度、大气风速等参数进行同步观测。结果表明,水稻种植期间,尿素施用后分蘖肥和穗肥时期的氨排放损失率分别为28.47%和14.01%,各时期氨排放通量大小依次为Ⅱ期分蘖肥>Ⅰ期分蘖肥>穗肥,氨挥发持续时间均为7~11 d。田间水NH+4-N浓度是分蘖肥时期影响氨排放水平最主要的因子,决定系数R2达到了0.745 4;而风速、土壤NH+4-N浓度、土壤温度是穗肥时期影响氨排放水平的主要影响因子,决定系数R2分别为0.965 1、0.787 5、0.896 0。Ammonia volatilization was monitored via micrometeorological technique in different fertilization periods in paddy fields of Taihu Lake region. Factors influencing ammonia loss,such as NH＋4-N concentration,p H in floodwater,NH＋4-N concentration in soil,soil temperature,wind speed,were also studied at the same time. The results indicated that ammonia volatilization loss was 28. 47% in the period of tillering-top dressing,and was 14. 01% in ear bearing-top dressing period after urea application. The ammonia volatilization flux after urea application in varied period decreased as the second period of tillering-top dressing the first period of tillering-top dressing ear bearing-top dressing period. Ammonia volatilization lasted 7-11 d. NH＋4-N concentration in floodwater was the most important influencing factor in the period of tillering-top dressing,with determination coefficient（R^2） of 0. 745 4. The important influencing factors in ear bearing-top dressing period included wind speed,NH＋4-N concentration in soil and soil temperature,with R2 being 0. 965 1,0. 787 5 and 0. 896 0,respectively.

关 键 词：微气象学 氨 排放通量 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]