阿尔茨海默病致病基因突变相关的啮齿类动物和非人灵长类动物模型  

Rodent and Non-human Primate Models of Alzheimer's Disease Related Gene Mutation

作　　者：姚紫彤[1] 王舒波[1] 卢静[1] 陈柏安[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学基础医学院实验动物学系实验动物部,北京100069

出　　处：《实验动物科学》2016年第6期59-63,共5页Laboratory Animal Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81571230);北京市教委科技面上项目(No.KM201310025002)

摘　　要：我国现有阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者800-1000万,患者数量随着人口老龄化逐年增加,目前尚无有效治疗或者逆转AD的药物和方法。过去基于啮齿类动物模型筛选出的用于治疗AD的药物在人体试验中均疗效差或有严重的副作用,这与啮齿类动物模型和AD患者病理及行为特征差异大有直接关系。非人灵长类动物与人的大脑和神经系统高度相似,建立AD非人灵长类动物模型意义重大。AD病因复杂,但是致病基因突变是其已知的明确病因,应该重视利用基因修饰或者基因筛选等技术建立AD非人灵长类动物模型。本文将着重介绍AD致病基因突变相关的转基因小鼠模型和非人灵长类动物模型的特点和现状。There are 8 - 10 million Alzheimer＇ s disease （AD） patients in China at present. The number of patients is growing with population ageing year by year, however, there are still no effective ways to cure and reverse AD progression currently. The effective drugs screened for curing AD based on rodent animal models show poor effects or serious side effects on human trials, this mainly because the pathological and behavioral characteristics are significant different between the rodents animal models and AD patients. The brain and nervous system of nonhuman primate are highly similar to human, thus establish nonhuman primate model of AD is necessary and important. The AD etiology is complex, but the pathogenic gene mutations are clear documented. Hence it is time to pay attention on establishing nonhuman primate animal model of AD using the gene modification techniques or genetic screening analysis. This review mainly described the characteristics and status of AD pathogenic gene related genetically modified mice models and non-human primate animal models of AD.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 致病基因 AD动物模型 非人灵长类动物 

分 类 号：Q95-33[生物学—动物学]