渔船拖网绞车张力自动控制系统设计及试验  

Design and experiment of automatic tension control system for trawl winch on fishing boat

作　　者：王志勇[1,2] 汤涛林[2] 徐志强[2] 倪汉华[2] Wang Zhiyong Tang Taolin Xu Zhiqiang Ni Hanhua(Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200092, China Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Shanghai 200092, China)

机构地区：[1]农业部渔业装备与工程重点开放实验室,上海200092 [2]中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海200092

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第1期90-94,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助(2013BAD13B02)

摘　　要：为了补偿拖网渔船作业过程中绞车纲绳张力波动或渔船转向造成的负载不对称性,保持网具良好的开口形状,基于电液控制技术设计了拖网张力自动控制系统。对拖网曳纲张力采集方法进行了研究,采用油压力传感器间接测量拖网左右曳纲张力数据作为输入信号,传输到控制器进行逻辑运算,控制先导溢流阀调整马达溢流压力,改变绞车输出扭矩,从而驱动拖网绞车收、放来控制左右曳纲张力,达到系统动态平衡。并基于实验室虚拟仪器工程平台(laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench,Lab VIEW)对系统软件进行了设计,实现绞车张力控制系统的参数设置与控制管理。为了验证系统的张力控制特性和实用性,对系统进行了海上应用试验,在张力自动控制模式下,拖网绞车根据渔船航速和水流自动调节收放网速度,减少作业过程中曳纲张力波动。拖曳过程中拖网曳纲长度范围为350~490 m,绞车曳纲张力范围为118~148 k N,对应系统压力为2.3~2.7 MPa,渔船平均拖速为5.6节。试验结果表明,左右曳纲张力差在合理范围内,系统能很好调节曳纲张力大小,为渔船安全生产提供了保障;启用张力控制系统后网口面积比未使用张力控制系统前增大了9.5%,有效调整了网口扩张,提高了捕捞效率。Trawl winch is the most important equipment of trawler fishing. In order to ensure safe dragging operations of fishing vessel equipment under the complex sea conditions as well as to realize the quick response and precise control of trawl winch, and keep net shape good, in this study, the trawl tension automatic control system was designed based on electro-hydraulic control technology. The systemmainly consisted of proportional directional valve, balance valve, overflow valve, pilot valve, oil pressure sensor, and electric control system. Through measured input and output pressure of motor, we calculated warp tension as the feedback signal and used PLC（programmable logic controller） to control the pressure of pilot relief valve, whichwas used to adjust the left and right warp tension and position, to maintain the dynamic balance of system as well as to keep the net shape good. The man-machine interface and operation mode of automatic tension control was developed based on Lab VIEW, of which its main function consisted of parameter set, information management, system monitor and data inquire. The system facilitated operator monitoring the running state of the various equipment, and management equipment operation. In order to verify the characteristic and practicability of tension control of the system, application test was carried on the East China Sea area in 2015. The experiment continued about 4.5 hours, including three stages： shooting net, dragging net, and heaving net, which tested speed control and tension control performance of the system under the corresponding operating conditions, and measured relevant data such as shoot depth, shoot length, shoot speed, heave speed, warp tension and winch working pressure. The test resultshowed that dragging stage was the longest, and in this process, the left warp and right warp were kept balance, warp tension was mainly affected by hydrodynamic, warp weight, and water resistance of fishing gear. Warp shoot length range was 350-490 m, warp tension range was 118-

关 键 词：渔业 渔船 控制系统 拖网绞车 曳纲张力 电液控制 张力平衡 

分 类 号：S981.9[农业科学—捕捞与储运]