水分胁迫度及时期对设施延迟栽培葡萄耗水和产量的影响  

Effect of moisture stress level and stage on evapotranspiration and yield of grape under protected and delayed cultivation

作　　者：张芮[1] 王旺田[2] 吴玉霞[3] 牛黎莉[1] 王俊林 薛燕翎 陈娜娜[1] 王菲[1] Zhang Rui Wang Wangtian Wu Yuxia Niu Lili Wang Junlin Xue Yanling Chen Na＇na Wang Fei(College of Engineering, Oansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China Water Irrigation Test Center of Zhangye City, Zhangye 730916, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学工学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州730070 [4]张掖市水务局节水灌溉试验中心,张掖730916

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第1期155-161,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目冷凉地区葡萄设施延后栽培水分品质响应机理研究(51269001);水分调控对延迟栽培葡萄土壤碳源代谢及果实品质的协同作用机理(51569002);甘肃科技计划重大专项资助项目(1502NKDF023)

摘　　要：为研究水分胁迫对葡萄耗水规律和产量的影响,2012—2014年在甘肃省张掖市水务局灌溉试验站连续开展3 a设施栽培葡萄水分胁迫试验,将葡萄划分为萌芽、新梢生长、开花、果实膨大、着色成熟5个生育阶段,各生育期分别设1个土壤含水率下限为55%的田间持水率(field water holding capacity,FC)供水水平(中度水分胁迫)和1个土壤含水率下限为65%FC的供水水平(轻度胁迫),以下限为75%FC为对照,研究3种供水水平下葡萄日耗水强度、产量、水分利用效率等的变化。结果表明:1)3个试验年度设施栽培葡萄在果实膨大期日耗水强度均达到最高值,该阶段为设施葡萄需水临界期。2)水分胁迫对葡萄各生育期耗水强度有明显的影响,萌芽期中度水分胁迫降低该阶段耗水强度,但随后复水后耗水量迅速恢复并出现复水补偿增长效应;开花期时间较短,中度水分胁迫对耗水的影响在随后生育期(果实膨大期)才体现出来;着色成熟期中度水分胁迫也显著降低葡萄在胁迫时段的耗水强度;新梢生长期轻度水分胁迫显著影响葡萄日耗水强度。3)2012年萌芽期中度胁迫能提高葡萄产量、水分利用效率,提高效应随胁迫年度持续逐渐减小,2013和2014年产量与充分供水处理差异不显著。研究可为深入理解设施栽培葡萄的耗水特性和设施葡萄节水高效生产提供依据。In order to study the effect of soil moisture stress on water consumption and yield of grape, 3-year of field experiment was carried out from 2012 to 2014 in Zhangye Water Bureau Irrigation Test Center in Zhangye City of Gansu Province（38°56？N, longitude 100°26？E, altitude 1 482.7 m）. The grape growth was divided into 5 stages, namely, germination, shoot growth, flowering, fruit enlargement and coloring maturity. There were 2 different stress types： a moderate water stress level that the lower limit for soil moisture content was 55% of field water holding capacity（FC） and a mild stress level that the lower limit for soil moisture content was 65%FC. In addition, the lowest limit of 75%FC was considered as control（CK, full irrigation）. The moderate water stress was conducted in each of the 5 stages of grape in 2012. Except for the stage with stress treatment, the other stages were with full irrigation. Similar with 2012, the moderate stress treatments were conducted in 2013 and 2014. In addition, the mild stress was carried out in each of the 5 stages. The grape under protected and delayed cultivation was planted in greenhouse. The greenhouse film was uncovered at the end of May for grape germination and was covered at the beginning of October. The grape was harvested in the middle and late December. During the experiment, water consumption, daily water consumption intensity, grape yield, water use efficiency and others were determined. The results showed： 1） The daily water consumption intensity reached a maximum value（3-year average was 3.2 mm/d） in the fruit enlargement stage, indicating that the fruit enlargement period was a critical period of water requirement for the grape under protected and delayed cultivation; 2） Water stress had obvious effect on the water consumption intensity of each growth period of grape. The moderate water stress in germination period could reduce the intensity of grape water consumption, and water compensation effect appeared after the return of full w

关 键 词：胁迫 水果 灌溉 设施栽培葡萄 日耗水强度 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]