明清江南官布之征解  

Levying and Transportation of Tribute-Cloth from Jiangnan in the Mingand Qing Dynasties

作　　者：范金民[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第1期168-179,共12页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2010年度国家社会科学基金重大项目"江南地域文化的历史演进"(10&ZD069);项目负责人:范金民

摘　　要：明代每年额定征解江南官布31万余匹,其中苏州府占近45%,松江府占42%强,常州府占近13%。江南官布解运京师,特别是松江府解运三梭细布,后来成为江南最苦的差役,解户负担极为沉重。其征解方式前后经历了复杂的变化,不同的方式给解户造成的实际负担大不一样。清代康熙中后期起,官布采办的地域集中在苏州吴县一地,责成布铺轮值承办,掯勒铺户。其数量,康熙中后期多至30万匹,后来因实际使用量减少,乾隆中后期减至每年五千匹,而嘉庆中期有时会增至10万余匹,但通常在一二万匹,至多六七万匹,道光初年则增至10万余匹,年年如此。明清时期无论官布的数量及其解运方式如何发生变化,其承值应差的性质未曾改变。Inthe Ming Dynasty,Jiangnan provided 310,000 rolls of tribute-cloth annually,among which Suzhou Prefecture undertook nearly 45%,Songjiang Prefecture over 42%,and Changzhou Prefecture almost 13%.The transportation of Jiangnan tribute-cloth to the capital,especially the fine cloth from Songjiang Prefecture,turned out the bittiest labor for Jiangnan people,who shouldered extremely heavy burden.The methods of levying and transportation experienced complicated changes over time,and different method caused varied burdens to the cloth-delivery households.Since the middle and late Kangxi reign,most tribute-cloth had been purchased in the Wu County of Suzhou.Local officers required cloth-shops to undertake the duty in turn,and exploited the merchants cruelly.As far as the total amount is concerned,during the middle and late Kangxi Reign,the figure reached over 300,000 rolls.During the middle and late Qianlong Reign,because of the decline of real consumption,the figure dropped to about 5,000 per year.In the middle JiajingReign,the figure sometimes rose to 100,000 rolls,but the average amount was 10,000 to 20,000 rolls,or 60,000 to 70,000 rolls at most.However,in early DaoguangReign,the figure rose to 10,000 again.Such was the overall situation.

关 键 词：明清时期 江南地区 解户 官布 差役 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] F129[历史地理—中国史]