环境与民居选择——以陕西窑居为例  

Environment and the choice of residence——An example of cave dwelling in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：祁剑青[1] QI Jianqing(Center for Historical Environment and Soeio - Economic Development in Northwest China of Shaanxi Normal University , Xi＇an 710062, China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,西安710062

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2017年第1期88-94,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：十二五国家科技支撑计划(2013BAJ10B08)资助

摘　　要：陕西秦岭以北盛行窑居生活方式,运用文化生态学方法对陕西窑居进行分析,旨在探讨其与环境之间的关系。不同的环境塑造了靠崖窑、地坑窑、锢窑等不同的窑居类型。地形地貌限制了窑居的选址、提供了建筑材料。主窑的朝向以朝南、朝东为佳,为扩大采光面积,陕北多安满堂门窗,关中多门窗分设,采光面积较小,这为气候条件的反映。靠崖窑主要分布于黄土丘陵沟壑地带、黄土塬边及冲沟地带,其南界起于秦岭北麓,北界止于长城沿线;地坑窑分布于渭北黄土台塬的塬面;锢窑需要有一定面积的平地,主要随建筑材料分布,多见于陕北长城内外风沙地貌区、河谷阶地地貌区、石质地貌区。窑居的生产生活设施、建筑质量为经济环境的反映;窑居的选址与营造、平面布局与空间处理皆受制于区域社会文化环境。The cave dwelling is one of the main ince, the cave dwellings distribute in the north types of traditional dwellings in Loess plateau. In Shaanxi Prov- Qinling Mountains with different topography as Cliff cave, Gu care, pit cave and other different types of cave. In order to explore the relationship between cave dwelling and environment, the author analyzes the cave dwelling by the method of cultural ecology. Cliff cave spreads from north Qinling Mountains to the line of the Great Wall in the north of Shaanxi province. The pit caves concentrate in Weibei area. The main distribution area of Gu cave is in Northern Shaanxi valleys with wide flat land. There is little cave dwellings distributed in Weibei plateau. Liu Ba An distributes in the North of Shaanxi plateau transi- tion zone to the Maowusu Desert. The cave dwelling in Shaanxi province adapts to the local climate, topography, building materials and other elements of the natural environment. The production and living facilities, construction quality of cave dwelling can reflect the economic environment over a period of time. The site selection and construction, plane layout and space processing of cave dwelling can reflect the regional social and cultural environment.

关 键 词：环境 窑居 文化生态学 地域性 陕西 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]