“淑女之争”与“君子协议”:回眸英国精神分析学会的“论战”  

“Ladies' Argument” and “Gentlemen's Agreement”: Retrospection of the “Freud-Klein Controversies” within the British Psychoanalytic Society

作　　者：王礼军[1] 吕英军[2] 郭本禹[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097 [2]南京审计大学心理健康教育与指导中心,南京200029 [3]南京师范大学道德教育研究所,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学》2017年第1期244-250,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学一般规划项目(13YJC720015)的资助

摘　　要：20世纪40年代,英国精神分析学会内部爆发一场影响全世界精神分析学发展的"战争"。以Anna Freud和Melanie Klein各自为首的精神分析师团体围绕潜意识幻想、本能与力比多以及精神分析培训与教学等一系列主题展开激烈争论,即历史上著名的"Freud-Klein论战"。这场"论战"就精神分析培训问题达成协议,并直接导致克莱因学派、维也纳学派和独立学派三"组"鼎立的英国精神分析时局。"论战"促使了客体关系精神分析与自我心理学的分离,推动了精神分析研究从驱力模式向关系模式的范式转变,奠定了后续精神分析运动发展的格局。In the 1940s, a horrifying war was sweeping the whole Europe. At the same time, particularly due to Freud＇s death in 1939, another ＂war＂ broke out within the British Psychoanalytic Society, which had great influence on the development of psychoanalysis in Britain and all over the world. This war, known as the ＂Freud- Klein Controversies＂, lasted almost four years from 1941 to 1945. It happened between two important pioneers of child psychoanalysis --- Anna Freud and Melanie Klein --- and their followers and loyal supporters, including Susan Isaacs and Paula Heinmann. During 1943 to 1944; a series of scientific meetings were held to solve the conflicts in the British Psychoanalytic Society, especially between Anna and Klein. Due to their new psychoanalytic ideas different with Freud, Klein and her associates were asked to present papers to make their works clear. The four papers were ＂The nature and function of phantasy＂ （Isaacs, 1943）, ＂Some aspects of the role of introjection and projection in early development＂ （Heinmann, 1943）, ＂Regression＂ （Heimarm ＆ Isaaces, 1943） and ＂The emotional life and ego-development of the infant with special reference to the depressive position＂ （Klein, 1944）. Then, the two psychoanalytic groups which were led by Anna and Klein debated intensely on a serious of topics, such as unconscious phantasy, instinct and libido, and the training and education of the psychoanalyst candidates. As a result of the ＂Controversial Discussions＂, a ＂Gentlemen＇s Agreement＂ was signed and mediated by Sylvia Payne, and an agreement on the training of the psychoanalyst candidates was also made by the British Psychoanalytic Society and the Training Committee. That is, each candidate should first be trained by A/13 group that they belonged to, and then be supervised by another member from the Independent group which was not the same as A/B. What＇s more, ＂Controversial Discussions＂ also directly led to the triangle situation of the British psychoa

关 键 词：“Freud-Klein论战” 英国精神分析学会 潜意识幻想 精神分析培训 独立学派 

分 类 号：B84-065[哲学宗教—基础心理学]