秩序与德性:先秦射箭竞赛的历史文化解读  

Order and Moral——Historic and Cultural Interpret of Archery Competition in Pre-Qin

作　　者：张波[1,2] 姚颂平[3] 季浏[1] ZHANG Bo YAO Songping JI Liu(College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China Sports Department, Shanghai University of International Business and Eeonomies, Shanghai 201620, China School Office, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241 [2]上海对外经贸大学体育部,上海201620 [3]上海体育学院院办,上海200438

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2017年第1期68-74,共7页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(14CTY011);中国博士后科学基金项目(2015M581557)

摘　　要：商周时期,祭祀择士之射,经周公"制礼作乐"后,成为礼仪之射。射箭被创造性地赋予"竞技修德"的文化意味。至春秋战国时期,儒家思想将外在社会秩序"礼",内化为君子之"德"。射礼竞赛以其"以德引争"的特点,成为君子"习礼修德"的教育手段。秦统一六国后,社会秩序由专制集权所控制,射箭转向娱乐,留存于民间"百戏"之中。先秦儒家的社会秩序关怀,左右着射箭竞赛的历史浮沉,并赋予其"射以观德"的历史文化价值。在个体层面,射箭竞赛成为"发而不中,反求诸己"的道德修炼;在社会层面,射箭竞赛以"其争也君子"服务于有序和谐社会的哲学构建之中。In Shang and Zhou dynasties, archery in the temple which is for choosing nobleman, changed to be the ritual arch- cry by Zhou＇ s ＂li Yue＂. Archery was created to be a cultural activity which is for mental and moral. Until East Zhou dynas- ties, Confucians began to recreate the social order. Rite which was the external social order became into the ＂ virtue＂ of a gentleman. By the feature of ＂moral competition＂ , archery became the way of education of moral training. After Qin unified the six countries, Social order was controlled by the Centralization. Archery steering into entertainment, spread in the com- munity. Studies suggest that ： the ultimate concern about order of Confueians, influence ups and downs of archery competition in the history, and give it the cultural values of Moral Archery. At the individual level, archery competition becomes into the moral training of ＂introspection＂. At the social level, archery competition which is between noblemen serves to philosophy construction of a harmonious ＂rank order＂ society.

关 键 词：先秦射箭竞赛 择士之射 礼仪之射 德性之射 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]