甜味受体的营养研究进展及其基因表达调控  

Nutritional Research Progress and Modulation of Gene Expression of Sweet Taste Receptors

作　　者：李振远[1] 李方方[1] 张勇[1,2] 黄铁军 朱宇旌[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学畜牧兽医学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]乐达香味剂有限公司,广东广州510000

出　　处：《养猪》2017年第1期25-29,共5页Swine Production

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31440082和31101253)

摘　　要：甜味受体(T1R2/T1R3)属于G蛋白耦联受体(GPCR)C家族的成员,是一种通过非共价键结合且具有7个α螺旋跨膜结构域(TMD)和N末端胞外结构域(NTD)结构的异源二聚体。甜味分子通过与T1R2/T1R3上的关键结合位点相互作用,使T1R2/T1R3由失活状态的收缩构象变为激活状态的展开构象,并经由环腺苷酸(cAMP)途径和三磷酸肌醇/二酯酰甘油(IP3/DAG)途径,最终引起胞内游离钙离子(Ca^(2+))浓度的上升和甜味细胞膜的去极化,产生甜味味觉信号并传导至甜味味觉传入神经丛,最后传导至大脑皮层味觉神经中枢,感知味觉。文章综述了T1R2/T1R3的生物学特征、甜味信号的转导机制、T1R2/T1R3的基因表达调控和反馈调节以及前景展望。Sweet taste receptors belong to the G protein coupled receptors, and they are a kind of heterologous dimers that combinine with seven alpha helix transmembrane domain and N terminal domain by non covalent bonds. Sweet molecules make T1R2/T1R3 vary from the conformation of the deactivated state to the conforma- tion of the active state by interacting with the key binding sites of T1R2/T1R3, and resulting in the rise of intra- cellular free Ca^2＋ concentration and the depolarization of sweet taste cell membrane through the way of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate and the inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate/diacylglycerol. Subsequently, they produce sweetness signals and transmit the signals to the sweet taste afferent nerve plexus, and then stimulate taste nerve center, simultaneously cause of taste. This paper reviewed biological characteristics, the transduction mechanism of sweet taste signal, factors influencing gene expression and modulation on T1R2/T1R3, feedback regulation, and gave outlook for researches into sweet taste receptors in the future.

关 键 词：甜味受体 甜味剂 磷脂酶C-β2 环腺苷酸 三磷酸肌醇 二酯酰甘油 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]