空间飞行器平台大气密度的在轨测量  

Online measurement of atmospheric density based on space vehicle platform

作　　者：王超杰[1,2] 王博 郭惠楠[4] 秦来安[5] 

机构地区：[1]国防科学技术大学,湖南长沙410073 [2]空间物理重点试验室,北京100076 [3]北京八中高二(4)班,北京100033 [4]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所,陕西西安710119 [5]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《光学精密工程》2017年第1期15-20,共6页Optics and Precision Engineering

基　　金：中科院"西部之光"基金资助项目(No.XAB2015B21)

摘　　要：针对飞行器在轨飞行时高空大气密度波动剧烈、气动特性辨识难度大等特点,提出了一种基于瑞利散射理论的成像激光雷达大气密度测量方法。利用气体分子的瑞利散射光强与分子密度成正比的特性,通过分析电子倍增成像探测器(EMCCD)拍摄的测量流场区域内激光后向瑞利散射光柱,得到了不同距离处高精度的在线大气密度数据。搭建了基于空间飞行器平台的大气密度在轨测量装置,并对该装置进行了标定。结果表明,所述方法对大气密度的测量精度不大于5%,且具有非接触、时间分辨率高等特点,因此在优化飞行器结构设计、提高气动辨识等方面具有良好的应用前景。In view of the high-altitude atmospheric density fluctuation and the difficulty to identify aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft in orbit,a technical solution for atmospheric density measurement by lidar based on Rayleigh scattering principle was proposed.The online data of atmospheric density at different distances was acquired through the analysis of the laser backscattering Rayleigh optical cylinder,which was captured by the Electron-Multiplying Charge Coupled Device （EMCCD） in the measuring flow field based on the principle that the density of gas molecules is in direct proportion to Rayleigh scattering intensity.Furthermore the atmospheric density online measuring instrument was developed and calibrated.Experimental and calibration results show that the online measurement precision of atmospheric density is controlled within 5 ％.The instrument has a promising application in optimization of spacecraft appearance and improvement of aerodynamic identification.

关 键 词：激光雷达 大气密度 瑞利散射 飞行器 

分 类 号：TP391.7[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]