霍布斯的机械唯物论中的辩证法  

The Dialectics in Hobbes' Mechanical Materialism

作　　者：邬焜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学国际信息哲学研究中心,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第1期77-84,共8页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2013年度国家社会科学基金重点项目(13AZD096)

摘　　要：霍布斯的哲学具有明显的唯物论性质,因为他认为哲学应当以物质体为研究对象,并强调了人的一切知识都来源于对外部对象的感觉。他认为只有广延是物体的根本性质,并承认绝对静止,崇尚还原论,排斥偶然性,把世界和人都看作是机器,就此而论,他的哲学具有机械论的性质。但是他的哲学中仍然有许多丰富而深刻的辩证法思想:他对物体、现象和影像的区分,具有物自显和认识发生的信息中介的深刻韵味;他关于必然性质、客观偶性和主观偶性关系的论述则强调了偶性既是我们认识事物的方式,又是事物向我们显现的方式;他关于感觉器官向外的努力与对象向内的努力相统一而产生感觉的理论,则强调了认识发生的内外合和被主体认识方式所中介的辩证法思想;他关于主观空间、时间影像和物体性质与运动方式之间关系的论述则深刻体现了物体性质通过形式转换而呈现,进而实现其观念标示的认识发生机制的辩证法思想。Hobbes＇ philosophy has obviously materialistic property, since he believes the philosophy should study on material objects and stresses that all human knowledge originate from the feelings to external objects. He insists that only the extension is the fundamental nature of matter, and acknowledges absolute rest, advocates reductionism, excludes contingency, and treats the world and human as machines. As far as those views go, his philosophy possesses a mechanical property. His philosophy, however, also has abundant and profound dialectics theories： that he distinguishes among matter, phenomenon and shadow possesses a deep meaning of information medium of material self - manifestation and noegenesis. His illustration about the rela- tions among inevitable property, objective contingency and subjective contingency emphasizes that contingency is the way of our knowing and also is the approach that matters manifest themselves to us. His theory that the feeling is produced through the unity of outward efforts of sensory organs and inward efforts of objects implies the dialectics thoughts that the cognition happens through the unification of interior and exterior and the noegenesis is intermediated by subjective knowing method. His exposition about relations among subjective space, time image and properties and movement modes of matter deeply embodies his dialectics thoughts that the properties of matter appear through transformation of modes, so as to realize the noegenesis mechanism labeled by his concepts.

关 键 词：霍布斯 唯物论 机械论 辩证法 

分 类 号：B08[哲学宗教—哲学理论]