2010-2012年中国城市孕妇贫血及维生素A、维生素D营养状况  

Study on anemia and vitamin A and vitamin D nutritional status of Chinese urban pregnant women in 2010-2012

作　　者：胡贻椿[1] 陈竞[1] 李敏[1] 王睿[1] 李卫东[1] 杨艳华[1] 杨春[1] 云春凤[1] 杨丽琛[1] 杨晓光[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所 国家卫生与计划生育委员会微量元素营养重点实验室,100050

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2017年第2期125-131,共7页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家卫生与计划生育委员会（原卫生部）医改重大项卧中国居民营养与健康状况监测（2010-2012年）]

摘　　要：目的分析2010-2012年中国城市孕妇血红蛋白，以及血清视黄醇、25羟基维生素D水平，评价其贫血患病率以及维生素A和维生素D的营养状况。方法2010-2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样方法抽样，调查对象为中国内地31个省（直辖市、自治区）的34个大城市和41个中小城市的2250名孕妇。采用问卷调查收集调查对象基本情况；氰化高铁法检测血红蛋白含量，按WHO推荐标准结合海拔校正界值进行贫血判定；高效液相色谱法检测血清视黄醇水平，按WHO推荐标准进行维生素A缺乏判定；酶联免疫法测定血清中25羟基维生素D，按照美国国家科学院医学研究所推荐标准进行维生素D缺乏判定。比较不同特征孕妇血红蛋白、血清视黄醇、血清25羟基维生素D差异，以及贫血患病率、维生素A、维生素D缺乏率（包括缺乏和严重缺乏）差异。结果最终检测了1738名孕妇的血红蛋白、594名孕妇的血清视黄醇和1027名孕妇的血清25羟基维生素D水平。孕妇血红蛋白P50（P25～P75）为122．70（114．00～131．10）g／L；大城市高于中小城市，分别为123．70（115．21—132．00）、122．00（113．30—130．40）g/L（P=0．027）。孕妇贫血率为17．0％（295／1738）。孕妇血清视黄醇P50（P25～P75）为1．61（1．20～2．06）μmol／L；大城市低于中小城市，分别为1．50（1．04—2．06）、1．63（1.31—2．05）μmol／L（P=0．033）。孕妇维生素A缺乏率为7．4％（47／639）；大城市高于中小城市，分别为11．5％（33／286）、4．0％（14／353）（P〈0．001）。孕妇血清25羟基维生素DP50（P25P75）为15．41（11．79～20．23）ng／ml；大城市低于中小城市，分别为14．71（11．15—19．07）、16．02（12．65—21．36）ng／ml（P〈0．001）。孕妇维生素D缺乏率（包括缺乏与严重缺乏）高达74．3�Objective To evaluate the prevalence of anemia and the nutritional status of vitamins A and D by analyzing hemoglobin, serum retinol, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in Chinese urban pregnant women dur!ng 2010-2012. Methods Data were obtained from the China Nutrition and Health Survey in 2010-2012. Using multi-stage stratified sampling and population proportional stratified random sampling, 2 250 pregnant women from 34 metropolis and 41 middle-sized and small cities were included in this study. Information was collected using a questionnaire survey. The blood hemoglobin concentration was determined using the cyanmethemoglobin method, and anemia was determined using the World Health Organization guidelines combined with the elevation correction standard. The serum retinol level was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, and vitamin A deficiency （VAD） was judged by the related standard recommended by the World Health Organization. The vitamin D level was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and vitamin D deficiency was judged by the recommendation standards from the Institute of Medicine of The National Academies. The hemoglobin, serum retinol, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were compared, along with differences in the prevalence of anemia, VAD, and the vitamin D deficiency rate （including deficiency and serious deficiency）. Results A total of 1 738 cases of hemoglobin level, 594 cases of serum retinol level, and 1 027 cases of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were available for analysis in this study. The overall blood hemoglobin level （P50 （P25-P75）） was 122.70 （114.00-131.10） g/L; 123.70 （115.21-132.00） g/L for metropolis and 122.01 （113.30-130.40） g/L for middle-sized and small cities. The blood hemoglobin level of metropolis residents was significantly higher than that of middle-sized and small city residents （P=0.027）. The overall prevalence of anemia was 17.0% （295/1 738）. The overall serum retinol level （P50 （P25-P75）） was 1.61

关 键 词：血红蛋白类 维生素A 维生素D 横断面研究 中国城市孕妇 

分 类 号：R153.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]