电子束和γ射线辐照对象拔蚌品质影响的异同性研究  

Effects of Electron Beam and Gamma Ray Irradiation on the Physicochemical and Microbial Property of Commercial Fresh Geoduck Clams

作　　者：王晶晶[1] 张成金[2] 汪海燕[1] 叶庆富[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学原子核农业科学研究所/农业部核农学重点开放实验室,浙江杭州310029 [2]北京工商大学食品学院,北京100048

出　　处：《核农学报》2017年第1期73-79,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：核技术应用研究(2014BAA03B05);国家高技术研究发展计划(863项目)(2011AA100804)

摘　　要：为探明电子束和γ射线辐照对象拔蚌理化指标和微生物影响的异同性,采用不同剂量的电子束(0、2.1、3.9、6.1、8.0 k Gy)和γ射线(0、2.1、4.2、6.3、8.4 k Gy)辐照真空包装象拔蚌,对其贮藏期内营养成分、p H值、生物胺、菌落总数进行测定。结果表明,利用一定剂量电子束和γ射线辐照均能有效降低象拔蚌的菌落总数,在12 d贮藏期内,2种辐照处理之间菌落总数随辐照剂量的变化趋势以及随贮藏天数的变化趋势无显著差异,其中γ射线的D10=3.2 k Gy,电子束的D10=3.1 k Gy;较之对照,电子束和γ射线辐照对象拔蚌蛋白质、灰分、脂肪和水分含量无显著影响;电子束辐照处理组的p H值在贮藏期内维持在6.80~6.94,而γ射线辐照处理组的p H值维持在6.68~6.92,较之对照组,2种射线辐照处理均可抑制贮藏期内象拔蚌p H值的下降;辐照处理组能够抑制生物胺总量的增长,但电子束和γ射线辐照处理之间,象拔蚌生物胺总量随辐照剂量的变化趋势以及随贮藏天数的变化趋势无显著差别。由此可知,电子束与γ射线辐照均具有应用于象拔蚌鲜食食品加工的潜力,这为辐照应用于象拔蚌提供了科学依据。Vacuum-packaged geoduck clams were treated with gamma ray irradiation（ 0,2. 1,4. 2,6. 3 and 8. 4 k Gy）and electron beam irradiation（ 0,2. 1,3. 9,6. 1 and 8. 0 k Gy） to investigate the difference between both irradiations patterns on the nutritional composition,p H value,biogenic amines and total viable counts. The results showed that gamma ray and electron beam irradiation could effectively decrease total viable counts and D10 were 3. 2 k Gy and 3. 1k Gy respectively. For both patterns,there was no significant difference in inhibiting the growth of microbes during storage period and no significant effect was found on contents of protein,moisture,ash and fat. These two irradiation treatments played an important role in p H stability of geoduck clams,which can inhabit the decrease of p H values durign storage period. And p H values of electron beam irradiation treatment and gamma ray irradiation treatment were 6. 80 to6. 94 and 6. 68 to 6. 92,respectively,during storage period. Total amount of biogenic amines of both irradiation treatments were lower than the control during storage period,meanwhile,no significant difference was observed between the two different types of irradiation for inhibiting the increase of the total biogenic amines. In conclusion,electron beam irradiation played the similar role as gamma ray irradiation in physicochemical property,nutrients and bactericidal effect of geoduck clams. This paper is intended to provide a theoretical basis for the irradiation utilization on geoduck clams.

关 键 词：象拔蚌 辐照 Γ射线 电子束 品质 

分 类 号：TS254.4[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]