学龄前儿童广泛性焦虑与行为问题和母亲焦虑的关系  

Relationship between generalized anxiety and psychological behavioral problems of preschool children and maternal anxiety

作　　者：石秋霞[1] 吴国连 魏晓娟[1] 王惠梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省妇幼保健院发育行为儿科,山西太原030013

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2017年第1期1-3,共3页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

摘　　要：目的了解广泛性焦虑在学龄前儿童中的分布情况,探讨学龄前儿童广泛性焦虑与行为问题和母亲焦虑的关系。方法于2015年4至6月采用分层整群抽样的方法,以太原市城区具有代表性的三所幼儿园中969例3~6岁儿童为研究对象,运用自行编制的儿童基本情况调查表、Spence学前儿童焦虑量表、焦虑自评量表进行研究,并对结果进行回归分析。结果全部样本中检出广泛性焦虑阳性者124例(12.8%),其中男孩占14.5%(73/504),女孩占11.0%(51/465),性别(χ2=2.452,P=0.117)和班级(χ2=3.763,P=0.152)差异无统计学意义。焦虑组母亲焦虑得分明显高于非焦虑组(t=5.209,P=0.001);焦虑组口吃、遗尿、尿频、交流差、抽动症状、多动、咬指甲/吸吮手指的阳性检出率均高于非焦虑组,且在后五种行为方面差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为12.932、37.394、14.882、15.116、4.945,均P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,尿频、交流差以及母亲焦虑得分与学龄前儿童广泛性焦虑关系最为密切(χ2值分别为9.758、21.700、21.555,均P<0.01)。结论广泛性焦虑在学龄前儿童中较常见,学龄前儿童广泛性焦虑与母亲焦虑密切有关,患有广泛性焦虑的学龄前儿童常常表现为行为问题,且尿频和交流差在广泛性焦虑的学龄前儿童中最常见。因此,对学龄前儿童行为问题的早期识别、对父母进行心理养育咨询可以对儿童焦虑进行早期预防和干预。Objective To understand the demographic distribution of preschool children＇s generalized anxiety and to investigate the relationship between generalized anxiety and behavioral problems of preschool children and maternal anxiety. Methods From April to June in 2015,969 children aged 3- 6 years in three representative kindergartens in Taiyuan urban district were selected as study objects by stratified cluster sampling method and investigated using Self-made Questionnaires for Baseline Survey of Conditions of Preschool Children,Spence Preschool Children＇s Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Investigation results were analyzed by means of Logistic regression analysis. Results Among all cases,the number of children detected with generalized anxiety was 124（ 12. 8%）,including 14. 5%（ 73 /504） in males and 11. 0%（ 51 /465） in females. Differences in genders（ χ2= 2. 452,P = 0. 117） and grades（ χ2= 3. 763,P = 0. 152） had no statistical significance. Maternal anxiety score in anxiety group was significantly higher than that in non anxiety group（ t = 5. 209,P〈0. 001）. Positive detection rate of stuttering,enuresis,urinary frequency,poor communication,tic,hyperactivity,nail biting / finger sucking in anxiety group was higher than that in non anxiety group,and the differences were statistically significant in last five behavior aspects（ χ2value was 12. 932,37. 394,14. 882,15. 116 and 4. 945,respectively,all P〈0. 05）. Multiple factor analysis results showed that urinary frequency,poor communication and maternal anxiety score were most closely associated with generalized anxiety of preschool children（ χ2value was 9. 758,21. 700 and 21. 555,respectively,all P〈0. 01）. Conclusion Generalized anxiety is very common in preschool children,and there is a close relationship between preschool children＇s generalized anxiety and maternal anxiety. Preschool children with generalized anxiety often develop behavioral problems. Frequent urination and poor communication are most common in pre

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 广泛性焦虑 行为问题 母亲焦虑 

分 类 号：R749.72[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]