组学技术揭示水稻杂种优势遗传机制  

Underlying Mechanism of Heterosis Unveiled by-Omics

作　　者：汪鸿儒[1] 储成才[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所植物基因组学国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《植物学报》2017年第1期4-9,共6页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导专项(No.XDA08010400);科技部973项目(No.2015CB150106)

摘　　要：杂种优势是杂交后代在生长或生殖性状上表现出优于亲本的现象。虽然杂种优势在农业生产上已广为应用,但其分子机理仍不清楚。最近,中国科学家通过分析17个代表性杂交稻(Oryza sativa)品种,共10 074个F2个体的全基因组序列和表型,对水稻产量杂种优势相关位点进行了系统定位和解析。此外,中国另一个科研小组通过整合杂交稻亲本和杂交种的表型组、转录组及基因组等多层次数据,深入研究了超级杂交稻两优培九产量的杂种优势基础。这些研究不仅为杂种优势理论的建立提供了新数据,也为水稻育种实践提供了有益的指导。Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is the phenomenon that hybrid displays growth or fertility superiority over its parents.Though widely exploited in agriculture, the underlying molecular mechanism of heterosis remains one of the lasting mysteries in biology.Recently, Chinese scientists leveraged genomics tools and systemically characterized the genetic architecture of rice heterosis using 10 074 F2 individuals resulting from 17 representative elite rice hybrid cultivars.Another Chinese team focused on the super hybrid cultivar LYP9 and studied its yield heterosis by integrating phenomic, genomic and transcriptomic data.The comprehensive mapping and analysis of heterosis QTLs with multi-omics tools provide valuable data for both testing heterosis hypothesis and purposely manipulating heterosis for breeding new cultivars.

关 键 词：水稻 杂种优势 基因组学 全基因组关联分析 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]