作物杂种优势遗传基础的研究进展  

Progress in Understanding the Genetic Basis of Heterosis in Crops

作　　者：商连光[1] 高振宇[2] 钱前[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所,深圳518120 [2]中国水稻研究所,水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州310006

出　　处：《植物学报》2017年第1期10-18,共9页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：博士后创新人才支持计划(No.BX201600151);博士后科学基金(No.2016M600149);国家自然科学基金(No.31671761)

摘　　要：杂种优势是指两个遗传基础有差异的亲本杂交生成的杂合子在生长势和生物量等方面优于两个亲本的现象。虽然杂种优势在农业生产中已经得到很好的利用,但对于其形成的遗传机理仍没有统一的解释。目前,解释杂种优势遗传基础的模型主要有显性、超显性和上位性。分子数量遗传学的发展加快了杂种优势的研究。该文主要综述了近期在数量性状位点(QTL)水平的杂种优势遗传基础的研究进展,对作物杂种优势的QTL定位进行了回顾和展望。In heterosis, hybrid progeny of two different inbred varieties exhibit greater biomass and speed of development than both parents.Although heterosis is widely exploited in agriculture, a comprehensive description of its molecular basis has remained elusive despite extensive investigation.Various models have been posited to explain the genetic mechanisms of heterosis include dominance, overdominance, and epistasis.With the development of molecular quantitative genetics, the study of heterosis has been promoted.In this review, we summarize recent progress in the genetic basis of heterosis at the quantitative trait loci（QTL） level.QTL mapping for heterosis is discussed and its prospects are proposed.

关 键 词：杂种优势 作物 显性 超显性 上位性 

分 类 号：S334.5[农业科学—作物遗传育种]