2,6-二氨基吡嗪-1-氧化物的合成优化  

Optimization of Synthetic Method of 2,6-Diamino-pyrazine-1-oxide

作　　者：王金敏[1] 杜杨[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2017年第1期25-27,44,共4页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

摘　　要：以亚胺基二乙腈为起始原料,经过亚硝化、环化两步反应得到2,6-二氨基吡嗪-1-氧化物(DAPO),总产率为66.6%。采用1 H NMR、IR、MS对其结构进行了表征。研究了环化反应的催化剂、氢氧化钠用量、反应起始温度等因素对DAPO总收率的影响。将传统合成方法中的催化剂三乙胺用氢氧化钠代替,确定了环化反应制备DAPO的最佳工艺条件为:N-亚硝基亚氨基二乙腈、盐酸羟胺、氢氧化钠质量比为1.0∶0.6∶1.0,初始温度5~10℃,反应时间30min,随后反应温度20℃,反应时间2h。结果表明,与传统三乙胺作催化剂的合成方法相比,以氢氧化钠作环化反应催化剂合成DAPO的收率由57.0%提高至78.7%。结合DAPO的合成过程,提出了2,6-二氨基吡嗪-1-氧化物(DAPO)的成环机理为:羟胺亲核加成N-亚硝基亚氨基二乙腈的氰基,生成N-亚硝基亚氨基二乙腈单缩合产物,在碱作用下与羟胺缩合成环,得到最终产物DAPO。2 , 6-Diamin〇 -pyrazine- l -Oxide （DAPO） was synthesized by two -step re actions of nitrosy lation and cycl iza- tion, using iminodiacetoni tri le as starting material. The total yield of DAPO was 66. 6%. Its structure was charac-terized by NMR,IR and MS. The effects of catalyst, dosage of sodium hydroxide and initial temperature etc fac-tors for cycl izat ion react ion on the total yield of DAPO were invest igated. Triethylamine used in tradi tional synthesis method was replaced by sodium hydroxide as the catalyst . The optimum process condit ions of preparing DAPO via cycl izat ion react ion were determined as ： ONN（CH2CN）2 ： NH2OH ＊ HC1 ： N aO H = 1 . 0 ： 0. 6 ： 1. 0 （mass ratio ） , the initial temperature was 5 - 10°C ,the react ion time was 30min,then,the react ion temperature was 20°C , the reac-tion t ime was 2h. The results show that compared with the method of triethylamine as catalyst, the yield of synthe-sizing DAPO by cycl izat ion react ion is signi ficantly increased from 57. 0% to 78. 7% with sodium hydroxide as cata-lyst. According to the synthetic process of DAPO,the cycl izat ion mechanism of DAPO is proposed： nucleo philic ad-di tion occurs between hydroxylamine and N-ni trosobis（cyanomethyl）amine, generating the condensation product of N-nitros〇 -bis（ cyanomethyl） amine, this compound cyclizes wi th hydro xylamine under the effect of alkali , and the fi-nal product DAPO is obtained.

关 键 词：有机化学 亚氨基二乙腈 2 6-二氨基吡嗪-1-氧化物 DAPO 合成优化 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ560[化学工程—炸药化工]