二十世纪三四十年代中国共产党解决民族问题的思路及其当代意义——关于长征及延安时期中国共产党民族理论发展的研究  

The Ideas and Contemporary Significance of the CPC's Solution for Nationality Issues in the 1930s and 1940s

作　　者：华涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史系,教授地址南京市210093

出　　处：《民族研究》2016年第5期1-9,共9页Ethno-National Studies

摘　　要：经过长征,中国共产党在延安对民族政策做出了调整,提出为实现民族平等,让少数民族在自己聚居的地方自己管理自己事务的主张,并最终发展、定型为民族区域自治制度。通过对照当时顾颉刚、傅斯年和费孝通、吴文藻提出的两种解决中国民族问题的思路,本文认为,中共在关于回回和蒙古民族问题的两个文献中的思考,既没有采取否定中国多民族国家中少数民族"民族身份"的路径,也没有忽略这种"民族身份"在民族主义时代对多民族国家的挑战,在学理上确立了在多民族国家中实行民族平等的两个重要原则:一是在少数民族聚居的地方尊重和保障少数民族管理本民族内部事务的权利,二是少数民族必须在国家认同问题上毫不动摇。中共由此确立了一个既符合学理,也符合中国实际的在多民族中国真正实行民族平等政策的理论。这个理论至今仍然有其强大的生命力。After the Long March,in Yan'an,the CPC adjusted its nationality policies,and proposed that ethnic minorities should manage their own internal affairs in their own places,which was finalized as regional autonomy for ethnic minorities.By comparing the two ideas put forward by Gu Jiegang,Fu Sinian,Fei Xiaotong and Wu Wenzao to solve nationality issues in China,the paper argues that in the two literatures on nationality issues of the Huis and the Mongols,the CPC did not adopt the solution of denying nationality identity of ethnic minorities in the multi-national Chinese state,and also did not ignore the challenges of the nationality identity to the multi-national state in the era of nationalism.Theoretically,the CPC established two important principles for the equality of nationalities in the multi-national state:first,respect and guarantee the rights of ethnic minorities to manage their own internal affairs in the the areas where they inhabit;second,ethnic minorities must unswervingly adhere to the national identity.The author concludes that the CPC has established a theory about the equality of nationalities that is in line with scientific principle and reality of multi-national China.This theory still has strong vitality by now.

关 键 词：民族政策调整 民族身份 少数民族国家认同 “中华民族是一个” 《回回民族问 题》《蒙古民族问题》 

分 类 号：D633[政治法律—政治学] D231[政治法律—中外政治制度]