民族地区生物多样性多元保护的法律机制  

The Legal Mechanism of Multiple Protection of Biodiversity in Minority Areas

作　　者：魏晓欣[1] 李启家[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,武汉湖北430072 [2]乐山师范学院政法学院,四川乐山614004

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第1期91-99,共9页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDC031)

摘　　要：民族地区生物多样性保护的单一或者分散化机制,无法满足保护的要求。多元机制的构建,必须重视以民间法、宗教等为代表的传统知识,特别是传统生态知识,或者社会学所称的地方性知识、乡土知识。具体表现为国家法方面,制定以生物多样性保护法为基本法的法律体系,民族地区加强地方性立法;国家法、民间法、宗教的衔接方面,加强民间法与村民委员会组织法等国家法的衔接,国家法对民间法效力的确认,民间法与宗教无力解决的事项,由国家法提供支持;继续发挥民间保护机制与宗教保护机制的作用,而不应该仅仅依靠国家保护机制。从而建立以国家公园为代表的国家保护机制、以自然圣境为代表的宗教保护机制、主要规范为世俗意义上的民间法的民间保护机制等多元机制。The single or decentralized mechanism of biodiversity protection in minority areas can not meet the requirement of protection.In order to construct the multiple mechanism,we must attach importance to the traditional knowledge,the representative of which is customary law,religion and so on,especially the traditional ecological knowledge,or local knowledge which is called by sociology.The specific contents are as following.The first and foremost,it is the aspect of the national law,we must enact the law system with the basic law of biodiversity conservation,strengthening the local legislation in minority areas at the same time;Secondly,it is the aspect of strengthening the connection between national law,customary law and religion,which includes the strengthen of the connection between national law and customary law,such as the village committee organization law,the confirmation of the national law to the effect of customary law,if the things that can not be resolved by customary law and religion,relying on the national law;Last but not least,the civil protection mechanism and the religious protection mechanism need to play a role continuing,not relying solely on state protection mechanism.Only in this way,can the multiple mechanism be established,including the state protection system with the representative of national park,the religious protection system with the representative of natural sanctuary and the civil protection system with the main norm of customary law in secular and so on.

关 键 词：民族地区 生物多样性 传统知识 国家公园 国家法 民间法 宗教 多元保护 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]