饲粮能氮水平对不同品种猪肉质性状及相关基因表达的影响  

Effects of Dietary Energy and Nitrogen Levels on Meat Traits and Its Related Gene Expression in Different Strains of Pigs

作　　者：刘莹莹[1,2,3] 李凤娜[1,4] 李颖慧[1,3] 印遇龙[1] 孔祥峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南省畜禽健康养殖工程技术研究中心,农业部中南动物营养与饲料科学观测实验站,长沙410125 [2]湖南省畜牧兽医研究所,长沙410131 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]湖南畜禽安全生产协同创新中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2017年第2期547-555,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家973课题(2012CB124704,2013CB127305);湖南省自然科学基金项目(S2014J504I)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮能氮水平对不同品种猪肉质性状以及肌纤维类型和细胞因子相关基因表达的影响。选取巴马香猪和长白猪共96头(48头/品种),随机分为4组(每组24头猪),分别为长白猪饲喂NRC饲粮组、长白猪饲喂我国地方猪标准(GB)饲粮组、巴马香猪饲喂NRC饲粮组、巴马香猪饲喂GB饲粮组。试验从5周龄开始,至出栏时结束。分别于保育期、生长期和肥育期末,每组选择8头体况相近猪只屠宰,采集肌肉样品分析。结果表明:生长阶段显著影响了试验猪背最长肌熟肉率和肌球蛋白重链(MyHC)Ⅱx、MyHCⅡb及白细胞介素-15(IL-15)mRNA表达水平(P<0.05),且随生长阶段呈增加趋势;与长白猪相比,巴马香猪的背最长肌熟肉率、MyHCⅠmRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),而滴水损失显著降低(P<0.05);与NRC饲粮相比,GB饲粮显著提高了生长期长白猪和巴马香猪的p H45 min(P<0.05),显著上调了保育期和肥育期猪背最长肌MyHCⅠmRNA表达水平(P<0.05);与GB饲粮相比,NRC饲粮显著上调了生长期猪背最长肌MyHCⅠmRNA表达水平(P<0.05)。由此可见,品种和生长阶段均可显著影响肉质性状及相关基因的表达,饲粮能氮水平则主要通过与生长阶段产生互作效应影响肉质性状及肌纤维类型相关基因的表达。This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary energy and nitrogen levels on meat traits,muscle fiber type and cytokine related gene expression of pigs.Forty-eight pure-bred Bama mini-pigs and forty-eight Landrace pigs were selected and randomly allocated to four groups：Landrace pigs were fed NRC diet,Landrace pigs were fed Chinese feeding standard of swine（GB） diet,Bama mini-pigs were fed NRC diet and Bama mini-pigs were fed GB diet.The animals were fed from 5 weeks of age to their market weights.At the end of each stage（nursery,growing and finishing stages）,eight pigs with similar body condition from each group were slaughted,and analysis the muscle samples.The results showed that the growth stages significantly affect the cooking yield percentage and mRNA expression levels of myosin heavy chain（MyHC）Ⅱx,MyHC Ⅱb and interleukin-15（IL-15） of longissimus dorsi muscle（LDM）（P〈0.05）,and it shows a increasing trend with growth stage.The cooking yield percentage,mRNA expression levels of MyHC I of LDM of Bama mini-pigs were significantly higher than those of Landrace pigs（P〈0.05）,while the drip loss of LDM was significantly lower（P〈0.05）.Compared with the NRC diet,the GB diet significantly increased the pH_（45 min） of LDM during growing stage（P〈0.05）,and significantly up-regulated mRNA expression level of MyHC Ⅰ of LDM at nursery and finishing stages（P〈0.05）;compared with the GB diet,the NRC diet significantly up-regulated mRNA expression level of MyHC Ⅰ of LDM at growing stage（P〈0.05）.Collectively,these findings suggest that strain and growth stage have significant effects on meat traits and its related gene expression levels of pigs.Dietary energy and nitrogen levels mainly through interacted with growth stage to affect meat quality and gene expression of muscle fiber type.

关 键 词：肉质性状 肌纤维类型 细胞因子 巴马香猪 饲粮能氮水平 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]