蚕蛹油等7种油脂对吉富罗非鱼生长、体组成及脂质代谢影响的比较  

Comparative study on effects of silkworm pupal oil and other six kinds of lipid on growth, body composition and lipid metabolism of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus

作　　者：白富瑾[1] 罗莉[1] 黄先智 陈拥军[1] 胡芯 黄旺[1] 林肯[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学动物科技学院,淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]家蚕基因组生物学国家重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《水产学报》2017年第2期258-270,共13页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项(农业)(201303053);国家现代蚕桑产业技术体系(CARS-22);国家自然科学基金(31101909)~~

摘　　要：为研究蚕蛹油在吉富罗非鱼饲料中应用的可行性,在饲料中分别添加5.0%的蚕蛹油(SPO)、海水鱼油(MFO)、罗非鱼油(TO)、猪油(PL)、鸡油(CO)、亚麻籽油(LO)和大豆油(SO),配制成7种等氮等脂实验饲料,饲喂初始均重为(47.51±0.52)g的实验鱼。每个处理设置3个重复,每个重复放鱼20尾,进行56 d的养殖实验。结果显示,罗非鱼终末均重、增重率和特定生长率均为LO和SO组显著高于SPO和MFO组,与TO、PL和CO组差异不显著。饲料系数SPO组显著高于除MFO组外的其余各组,而蛋白质效率与之相反。摄食量SPO组最低,SO组最高。TO组罗非鱼脏体比、体长/体高和腹脂率均为最低,而肥满度最高。肝体比PL组显著高于除LO组外的其他各组。腹脂率MFO组显著高于除CO组外的其余各组。同其他组相比,SPO可降低罗非鱼全鱼、组织粗脂肪及血清甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖和丙二醛的含量;MFO可降低全鱼粗脂肪的含量和提高肝脏乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)的活性;PL组罗非鱼血清TG和总胆固醇(TC)含量均较低,而肝脏肉碱脂酰转移酶-I和ACC活性均较高;CO组血清TG、TC、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量和谷草转氨酶活性均为最高;LO和SO可显著提高罗非鱼对饲料脂肪的沉积率和全鱼、肌肉粗脂肪的含量,SO还可显著提高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和降低LDL-C、TC的含量;SPO、LO和SO可分别显著提高罗非鱼肌肉中高不饱和脂肪酸、α-亚麻酸和亚油酸的含量。研究表明,SPO作为吉富罗非鱼饲料的单一脂肪源,虽会影响其生长性能,但具有降体脂、血脂和血糖,保护鱼体健康和优化肌肉脂肪酸组成等优点。The experiment was conducted to study the feasibility of the application of silkworm pupal oil to GIFT Oreochromis niloticus feed. Seven isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by adding 5.0% silkworm pupal oil（SPO）, marine fish oil（MFO）, tilapia oil（TO）, pork lard（PL）, chicken oil（CO）, linseed oil（LO） and soybean oil（SO）, respectively, to the basal diet to feed tilapia [initial body weight（47.51±0.52） g]. Each treatment contained three replicates with 20 fish per replicate and fish were fed for 56 days. The results showed that the final body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of LO and SO groups were significantly higher than that of SPO and MFO groups, but showed no significant differences with that of TO, PL and CO groups. Feed conversion ratio of SPO group was significantly higher than that of other groups, except that of MFO group, while protein efficiency rate showed an opposite trend. Feed intake showed the lowest value in SPO group, and highest value in SO group. TO group presented the lowest viscerosomatic index, body length / body depth and intraperitoneal fat ratio and the highest condition factor. Hepatosomatic index in PL group was significantly higher than that of other groups except LO group. Intraperitoneal fat ratio in MFO group was significantly higher than that of other groups except CO group. Compared with the other groups, SPO could reduce the crude lipid in whole body lipid and tissue and triglyceride（TG）, glucose and malonaldehyde contents in serum. MFO could reduce the crude lipid in whole body and enhance the acetyl-Co A carboxylase（ACC） activity in fish liver. PL groups presented lower TG and total cholesterol（TC） contents in serum and higher carnitine acyl transferase-I and ACC activities in liver. The highest TG, TC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） contents and aspartate transaminase activity were observed in serum of CO group. LO and SO could significantly increase the lipid retention ratio and crud

关 键 词：吉富罗非鱼 蚕蛹油 脂肪源 脂质代谢 血清生化指标 

分 类 号：S963.7[农业科学—水产养殖]