38年来潍坊主要气象灾害对农业的影响及其时空分布特征  

Impacts of Major Meteorological Disasters on Agriculture in Weifang in Recent 38 Years and its Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics

作　　者：王晓立 王恬茹 徐风霞[3] 鲁丹 徐太安 张芹 

机构地区：[1]潍坊市气象局,山东潍坊261011 [2]临淄区气象局,山东临淄255400 [3]寿光市气象局,山东寿光262700

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2017年第2期136-141,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局预报员专项"渤海湾南部强对流天气的多尺度特征研究"(CMAYBY2016-041)

摘　　要：基于1978-2015年潍坊市主要气象灾害的受灾面积、农作物播种面积及粮食产量等统计数据,利用气候倾向率、EOF正交经验函数等统计方法,分析了潍坊市气象灾害对农业的影响及其时空分布特征。结果表明:干旱、冰雹、暴雨洪涝、大风灾害为潍坊市主要农业气象灾害,占全部气象灾害的73.5%,各类灾害比重的年际变化较大。受灾面积与粮食产量呈明显负相关关系。从变化趋势看,干旱、冰雹、大风的受灾面积呈下降趋势,暴雨洪涝变化趋势不明显。从空间分布看,潍坊西部与南部为农业气象灾害的重灾区。四种气象灾害的空间分布不统一,干旱多发生在西部,其次是东北部;冰雹多发生在西部与南部;洪涝灾害多发生在南部;风灾多发生在北部。Based on the statistical data of affected area by main meteorological disasters,crop planting area and grain yield in Weifang City from 1978 to 2015,the impact of meteorological disasters on agriculture and its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics were analyzed by the climate tendency rate,EOF orthogonal empirical function,etc. The results showed that drought,hail,rainstorm and flood,strong wind were the main meteorological disasters in Weifang,which accounted for about 73. 5% of all meteorological disasters with larger annual variation of proportions. There was a significant negative correlation of affected area with grain yield. From the change trend,the affected area of drought,hail and strong wind showed a downward trend significantly,and the trend of rainstorm and flood was not obvious. From the spatial distribution,the severely affected areas by agricultural meteorological disasters mainly appeared in western and southern of Weifang. The spatial distribution of four kinds of meteorological disasters was not uniform. The drought appeared in the west,followed by the northeast. The hail appeared in the western and southern. The rainstorm and flood disaster appeared in the southern. The strong wind appeared in the north.

关 键 词：气象灾害 农业 影响 时空分布 特征 

分 类 号：S42[农业科学—植物保护]