认知神经科学:为教育打开大脑“黑匣子”  

Cognitive Neuroscience:Opening the Brain's “Black Box” for Education

作　　者：官群[1] 姚茹[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学外国语学院,北京100083 [2]中国教育科学研究院德育与心理特教研究所,北京100088

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2017年第2期59-64,共6页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：官群主持的国家自然科学基金"儿童手写运动促进中英文感知的认知神经机制"(批准号:31500915)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：认知神经科学采用高科技手段,从时间和空间两维度探索行为科学观测不到的学习的神经过程,揭示学习过程中迄今为止尚不清楚的大脑奥秘,有助于打开学习背后的大脑"黑匣子",从而为教师的教学过程提供科学指导和方法指引,在教育领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文在阐释认知神经科学架起了大脑与教育之间桥梁的基础上,重点在有关学习的神经结构、学习的神经结构之间相互联结、学习的神经激活时间进程、学习的神经相关性与因果性等学习机制方面打开大脑"黑匣子";进而,在学习是渐进的和体验的、学习是社会性的、学习是受情绪调节的、学习是多感官参与的、学习是终生的等学习原则方面打开大脑"黑匣子"。Cognitive neuroscience, based on high-tech means, discloses the neural process of learning by the brain in such dimensions as time and space, which carmot be detected by behavioral science. This will reveal the brain＇s mystery during the learning process, and provide useful knowledge for teachers＇ teaching, thus offering broad prospects to the opening of the brain＇ s ＂black box＂ available for the understanding of the physiological process of learning. This study, based on an explanation of the bridge built by cognitive science between the brain and education, focuses on opening the brain＇s ＂black box＂ through such learning mechanisms as the learning-related neural structures, the interconnections between the learning-related neural structures, and the learning-related time course of neural activation. In conclusion, the study opens the brain＇s ＂black box＂ by means of learning principles as follows： Learning is incremental and experience-based; learning is social; learning can be modulated by emotions, learning is multi-sensory, and learning is lifelong.

关 键 词：认知神经科学 教育 学习 大脑“黑匣子” 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]