短途纯电动车无离合器无同步器AMT换挡控制  

Gear-shifting Control of Clutchless Automated Mechanical Transmission Without Synchronizer in Short-distance Pure Electric Vehicle

作　　者：王大方[1] 刘刚[1] 金毅[2] 王苗然 ZHU Ya-qi WANG Da-fang LIU Gang JIN Yi WANG Miao-ran ZHU Ya-qi(School of Automotive Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China Department of Mechanical Engineering, Academy of Armored Force Engineering, Beijing 100072, China School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学汽车工程学院,山东威海264209 [2]装甲兵工程学院机械工程系,北京100072 [3]墨尔本大学工程学院

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2017年第2期144-152,共9页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项项目(2014DFB70120);国家自然科学基金项目(51305457);威海市科技发展计划项目(2014DXGJ02);山东省科技发展计划项目(2014GGX105002)

摘　　要：为了缩短短途纯电动车无离合器无同步器机械式自动变速器(AMT)的换挡时间,减小换挡冲击,建立了换挡各阶段的动力学模型,提出了一种时间最优的换挡执行机构控制方法,一种电制动和比例体积(PI)控制相结合的直流无刷驱动电机(反电动势波形为梯形波)转速闭环控制方法,以及空挡行程分段控制方法。时间最优的换挡执行机构控制方法通过直接施加最高电压和电制动实现换挡电机的快速启动和停止,并且拨叉控制的精度能够达到0.08mm。针对直流无刷驱动电机难以利用矢量控制实现转速迅速降低的缺点,驱动电机转速闭环控制方法将PI控制和电制动结合起来,实现了直流无刷驱动电机转速的快速下降。空挡行程分段控制方法将AMT的空挡行程划分为2段,在2段上分别执行不同的驱动电机和换挡电机的协调控制策略,最大限度地缩短换挡时间。最后,对搭载无离合器无同步器AMT和动力传动一体化控制器的样车进行了典型工况下的试验。试验结果表明:提出的换挡过程控制方法能使各工况下的换挡时间和静止时的换挡时间几乎相等,同时也能减小换挡冲击。To shorten shift time and reduce shift impact of the clutchless automated mechanical transmission （CLAMT） without synchronizer, dynamical models of each shift stage were established, a time-optimal control method for the shift actuator, a speed closed-loop control method which combined electric brake and proportional integral （PI） control for the brushless direct current （BLDC） traction motor （with trapezoidal-shaped back-electromotive force） and a multi-stage control method in neutral position of the automated mechanical transmission （AMT） were proposed. By directly providing the highest voltage and implementing electric brake, rapid start and stop of the direct current （DC） shift motor were realized and position precision can reach 0.08 mm under the proposed time-optimal control method for shift actuator. Since rotate speed of BLDC traction motor was difficult to rapidly decrease by vector control, PI control and electric brake were combined by the speed closed-loop control method of traction motor to decrease rotate speed of BLDC traction motor in a short time. Neutral distances of AMT were divided into two parts by the proposed multi-stage control method in neutral position, and coordination strategies with different traction motors and shift motors were implemented in two parts to reduce shift time as much as possible. At last, experiments under typical working conditions were conducted on a short-distance pure electric vehicle with CLAMT without synchronizer, as well as motor and transmission integrated controller. The results show that the shift time in running conditions and in static conditions is nearly equal, shift impact decreases simultaneously by the proposed control method of shift process.

关 键 词：汽车工程 短途纯电动车 时间最优换挡控制 动力传动一体化控制器 无离合器无同步器AMT 

分 类 号：U463.212[机械工程—车辆工程]