基于平衡油缸的动臂势能回收系统参数设计与试验  

Parameters Design and Experiment of Boom Potential Energy Recovery System Based on Balance Cylinder

作　　者：任好玲[1] 林添良[1] 叶月影[1] 付胜杰[1] REN Hao-ling LIN Tian-liang YE Yue-ying FU Sheng-jie(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学机电及自动化学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2017年第2期153-158,共6页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51505160;51205140);高校产学合作科技重大项目(2013H6015);流体动力与机电系统国家重点实验室开放基金项目(GZKF-201517);福建省自然科学基金项目(2015J01206);华侨大学中青年教师科研提升资助计划项目(ZQN-YX201)

摘　　要：为降低液压挖掘机的能量消耗,提出一种基于液压蓄能器和平衡油缸的动臂势能回收系统。以节能性为优化目标,以满足系统工作特性,减小蓄能器安装体积和延长蓄能器使用寿命为约束条件,对平衡系统的关键元件——液压蓄能器的工作压力、额定体积和充气压力等参数进行优化设计,分析不同的蓄能器体积和工作压力对系统节能效率的影响,确定最优的液压蓄能器参数;利用AMESim建立有无平衡单元的2种系统仿真模型,以3个比例节流阀和1个比例溢流阀代替传统多路阀对动臂的工作过程进行控制,并据此搭建了某1.5t液压挖掘机动臂势能回收系统试验平台。研究结果表明:仿真结果与试验结果吻合,系统的参数选择合理,仿真模型较准确;在所选取的液压蓄能器参数满足动臂操控性能和系统工作特性的前提下,动臂上升阶段,有平衡系统的无杆腔压力比无平衡系统的降低约2.5MPa,液压泵的出口压力降低约1MPa;动臂上升和下降工作周期内,势能回收和释放的整个工作周期的效率约为29%。In order to reduce the energy consumption of the hydraulic excavators, a potential energy recovery system hased on the hydraulic accumulator and balance cylinder was proposed. Taking energy-saving property as optimization objective, and taking satisfaction of the working performance, reduction of the install volume and prolongation of the lifetime of the accumulator as constraint conditions, the working pressure, volume and the precharge pressure of the hydraulic accumulator, the key component of the balance system, were optimized. The influences of the different volumes and working pressures of the accumulator on the energy-saving efficiency of the system were analyzed, and the optimized parameters of the hydraulic accumulator were identified. The simulation model of two systems with and without the balance unit were built by AMESim, where the traditional multi-way valve was taken place by three proportional throttle valves and one proportional overflow valve to control the working process of the boom, and the test rig of the potential energy recovery system of the boom of a 1.5 t hydraulic excavator was built. Both the simulation and test results show that the simulation results are consistent with the test results, so the system parameters are chosen properly and the simulation model is accurate. Under the condition that the parameters of the hydraulic accumulator meet the requirements of the boom performance and the working performance, the non-rod chamber pressure of the system with balance unit is lower than that of the system without balance unit by about 2.5 MPa and the output pressure of the pump is lower by about 1 MPa during the boom＇s rising. During the whole working period including the boom up and down, the whole cycle efficiency of the potential energy recovery and releasing is about 29 %.

关 键 词：机械工程 液压挖掘机 仿真与试验 能量回收 液压蓄能器 平衡油缸 参数优化 

分 类 号：U415.511[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]