白洋淀多环芳烃与有机氯农药季节性污染特征及来源分析  

Seasonal Pollution Characteristics and Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Organochlorine Pesticides in Surface Water of Baiyangdian Lake

作　　者：王乙震[1,2] 张俊[1] 周绪申[1] 孔凡青[1] 徐铭霞[1] WANG Yi-zhen ZHANG Jun ZHOU Xu-shen KONG Fan-qing XU Ming-xia(Haihe River Water Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin 300170, China Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China)

机构地区：[1]海河流域水环境监测中心,天津300170 [2]南开大学环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室,天津300071

出　　处：《环境科学》2017年第3期964-978,共15页Environmental Science

基　　金：环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室开放课题项目(KL-PPEC-2015-3);科技部国际科技合作专项(2013DFA71340);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07203-002)

摘　　要：为研究白洋淀表层水体中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)和有机氯农药(organochlorine pesticides,OCPs)的季节性污染特征及来源,分析了白洋淀12个监测断面春、夏两季表层水体中17种PAHs和15种OCPs的浓度.结果表明,白洋淀春季表层水体中PAHs总浓度范围是35.38~88.06 ng·L^(-1),平均值为46.57 ng·L^(-1),夏季表层水体中PAHs总浓度范围是25.64~301.41 ng·L^(-1),平均值为76.23 ng·L^(-1);白洋淀春季表层水体中OCPs总浓度范围是0.69~4.50 ng·L^(-1),平均值为1.77 ng·L^(-1);夏季表层水体中OCPs总浓度范围是0.11~3.20 ng·L^(-1),平均值为0.90 ng·L^(-1).白洋淀春、夏两季表层水体中PAHs季节性污染特征表现为前塘、关城和安新桥等3个断面夏季PAHs总浓度要远高于春季,而其他9个断面则均表现为春季略高于夏季;OCPs季节性污染特征表现为关城断面夏季OCPs总浓度高于春季,而其他11个监测断面均表现为春季高于夏季.从白洋淀春、夏两季表层水体PAHs和OCPs组成特征来看,春季各监测断面PAHs主要以三环芳烃为主,占PAHs总浓度的比例为45.92%~61.36%(平均为52.60%);夏季安新桥、前塘和关城等3个监测断面主要以二环芳烃萘(Naphthalene,Nap)为主,其浓度分别占PAHs总浓度的比例高达84.91%、91.04%和78.10%,其他9个监测断面主要以三环芳烃为主,占PAHs总浓度的比例为37.14%~53.90%(平均为48.94%);白洋淀表层水体中只有HCHs和DDTs有不同程度检出,且呈现出以HCHs为主的污染特征,其中,春季各监测断面表层水体中HCHs均以β-HCH为主,占HCHs总浓度的29.94%~100%,平均比例为59.87%,而夏季大张庄、郭里口等5个监测断面表层水体中HCHs以β-HCH为主,占HCHs总浓度的57.55%~80.23%,平均比例为61.98%,其他断面以α-HCHs和δ-HCH为主.分析白洋淀春、夏两季表层水体中PAHs和OCPs的来源,PAHs同分异构体比值显示其PAHs主要来源于燃烧源,部分监测断面还存在石油源;而OCPs�Seasonal variations of 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（ PAHs） and 15 persistent organochlorine pesticides（ OCPs） were analyzed during spring and summer in surface water from 12 sampling sites of Baiyangdian lake to elucidate their seasonal pollution characteristics and sources. The results showed that total concentrations of PAHs in surface water of Baiyangdian lake ranged from35. 38 to 88. 06 ng·L-1（ 46. 57 ng·L-1in average） in spring and 25. 64 to 301. 41 ng·L-1（ 76. 23 ng·L-1in average） in summer,respectively,and total concentrations of OCPs ranged from 0. 69 to 4. 50 ng·L-1（ 1. 77 ng·L-1in average） in spring and 0. 11 to 3. 20ng·L-1（ 0. 90 ng·L-1in average） in summer,respectively. Seasonal pollution characteristics of PAHs in surface water during two different seasons showed that the total concentration of PAHs was much higher in summer than in spring at three sampling sites of Baiyangdian lake including Qiantang,Guancheng and Anxin bridge,and the level of PAHs in spring was much higher than that in summer at the other nine sites. While seasonal pollution characteristics of OCPs showed that the total concentration of OCPs was much higher in summer than in spring in samples of Guancheng sites,and the level of OCPs in spring was slightly higher than that in summerin the rest of samples. From the perspective of spatial and temporal variations in the composition patterns of PAHs and OCPs in surface water of Baiyangdian lake,PAHs were predominated by 3-ring PAHs with 45. 92% and 61. 36%（ 52. 60% in average） of total PAHs in spring,while in summer Nap was the chief component of 2-ring PAHs in three sampling sites including Qiantang,Guancheng and Anxin bridge with 84. 91%,91. 04% and 78. 10% of the total,respectively,and 3-ring PAHs were primary pollutants in the other nine sites with 37. 14% to 53. 90%（ 48. 94% in average） of the total. Residues of HCHs and DDTs were detected in different degrees and β-HCH was the main pollutant at all sampling sites with 29. 94% and 100

关 键 词：白洋淀 多环芳烃 有机氯农药 污染特征 来源分析 

分 类 号：X131.2[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X524