概数助词“许”的历时发展及其衰落动因考察  

A study on the diachronic development and the fading reasons of the approximate word Xu

作　　者：张言军[1] 唐贤清[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学文学院,湖南长沙410081 [2]信阳师范学院文学院,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2017年第1期21-31,共11页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目"湘与黔桂边跨方言跨语言句法语义比较研究"(15ZDB105);信阳师范学院青年骨干教师资助计划(2014GGJS-18);信阳师范学院博士科研启动基金项目

摘　　要：概数助词"许"出现于上古汉语晚期,魏晋六朝以及隋唐五代时期为上升发展期,宋元开始走下坡路,明代开始走向衰落,大致于现代汉语早期在口语中消亡。这种演变轨迹,是概数助词"许"使用频率、语体分布、语义表达类型和组配能力等指标在不同历史时期动态变化的综合反映。概数助词"许"衰落的动因有三:一是"许"作为一个文言词,不能适应唐宋以来白话文学的表达需求;二是概数表达系统的新成员逐渐挤压了概数助词"许"的生存空间;三是"许"常跟其他概数表达方式共现,影响乃至弱化了人们对概数助词"许"的认可度。The usage of approximate word Xu can trace back to the late ancient Chinese, and it was increasingly used during the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, but was all downhill from the song and Yuan Dynasties. From the respect of the overall use frequency and the distribution of varieties, as well as the diachronic change of some variables such as the semantic representation type and its distribution capacity, the approximate number auxiliary Xu was in decline from the Ming Dynasty, and approximately withdrew from the stage of history entirely. The factors of its fading is complex: the first factor is that the word Xu as a classical Chinese word, could not meet the demand of the vernacular literature any more from the Tang and Song Dynasties; the second is that the new numbers gradually squeeze the living space of Xu in approximate number auxiliary system; The third is that its frequent co-occurrence with other approximate expressions influenced and even weakened people's impression on it.

关 键 词：概数助词 许 历时变化 衰落动因 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]