致使义视角下的“使”字句及其英语表达形式——一项基于平行语料库的调查  

"Shi" Construction and Its English Causative Construction

作　　者：刘婧[1] 李福印[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学天府学院英语教研中心,四川绵阳621000 [2]北京航空航天大学外国语学院,北京100191

出　　处：《西安外国语大学学报》2017年第1期39-45,共7页Journal of Xi’an International Studies University

基　　金：2013年度国家社会科学基金项目"现代汉语宏事件语义类型学实证研究"(项目编号:13BYY012);2016年中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目"北京政治话语中因果关系语言表征理论研究"(项目编号:YWF-16-WYXY-010)资助

摘　　要："使"字句是现代汉语典型的致使句式,英语不存在一种单一句式与之完全对应,这给汉英对比研究留下极大探索空间。本文以Talmy的致使义理论为框架考察"使"字句的语义。研究发现:一、现代汉语致使元素"使"可对应英语中的迂回致使动词make,allow等,也可将致使义词化并入到另一词汇致使动词bend,distort等词中。二、"使"字句多以SVOC句式构建,但英语中可对应的句式有SV(O)C,SVOA,SVP,SV,SVO,SVO+INF.。三、使因事件型是"使"字句最基本的致使义类型,遵循使因事件在前,受因事件在后的语言表征顺序。本文结合TED Speeches平行语料库验证了Talmy致使义理论对汉语"使"字句的适用性,解决了"使"字句和英语当中哪些句式对应的问题。The ＂Shi＂ construction is a typical causative structure in Modern Mandarin. There is not a single equivalent to it in English. Therefore, it leaves a huge space for the study of c-e contrastive analysis. Based on Talmy＇ s semantics of causation, this paper examines the causative meaning of the ＂Shi＂ construction. The results show that, firstly, the causative element ＂Shi＂ in Modern Mandarin can be equivalent to periphrastic causatives, such as, make, allow, etc. in English and its causative meaning can be conflated into the other lexical causatives, such as, bend, distort, etc. Secondly, the ＂Shi＂ construction is mostly organized as SVOC in syntax, but it can be equivalent to several syntactic structures in English, such as SV（O） C, SVOA, SVP, SV, SVO, SVO ＋ INF. Thirdly, the Causing-event causative is the most basic causative type of ＂Shi＂ construction and it follows the order of linguistic representation that the causing event appears prior to the caused event. Based on the TED Speeches （cn-〉 en） corpora, this paper treats the applicability of Talmy＇ s semantics of causation into ＂Shi＂ construction. Finally, the problem of what English causative constructions and syntactic structures correspond to the ＂Shi＂ construction is solved.

关 键 词：语言表征 致使义 “使”字句 基本致使义类型 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]