汉语重叠音系的分布形态学分析  

A distributed morphological analysis of phonology in Mandarin reduplications

作　　者：胡伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学

出　　处：《中国语文》2017年第2期215-228,共14页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目"音系与语音结合范式下的湖南方言连读变调类型研究(15YJC740029)";湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目"英汉复合词的分布形态学对比研究(14YBA407)";"湖南湘语;赣语;官话变调类型的实验语音学研究(14YBA005)"的资助

摘　　要：本文指出词库主义的词库音系学分析无法处理汉语重叠中复杂的音系-形态交互,并首次用反词库主义的分布形态学来解释汉语重叠的各种晦暗现象。本文指出重叠是特定语义特征触发的形态操作或次生说明阶,词根先复制再合并;汉语动词、形容词重叠属"词根+词根"的复合,是语素或词根的重叠。名词和少部分形容词重叠则属派生,复式可看成指小后缀。依据分布形态学,本文提出非显性、循环性功能语类v诱发的轻声调整规则,以解释形容词和动词重叠复式声调的不同,又用词内语段理论解释了"动词叠词+宾语"中的复式两读现象。汉语的非宾格vP是语段,其中心语TRANS将调整性轻声规则的诱端和靶端分隔在不同语段。This article assumes that lexicalism, precisely lexical phonology, is inadequate in handling the complicated phonology-morphology interfaces observed in Mandarin reduplications, and proposes the first anti-lexicalist Distributed Morphological recapitulation of various opacities involved. The article defines reduplication as secondary exponence triggered by certain semantic feature( s), namely, a morphological operation where a root doubles and then the doubled roots merge. Mandarin verb and adjective reduplications are ' root + root', i. e. compounding of two identical morphemes( roots), while noun reduplication is derivation and the reduplicant can be viewed as diminutive suffix. Guided by DM, the article treats the reduplicant tone reduction as the Readjustment Rule triggered by null cyclic functional head v, hence explaining the phonological difference between adjective and verb reduplications. And it adopts DM's Phase Theory to explain the optionality of tone-reduction of the reduplicant in the object-taking reduplicated verb. It argues that Mandarin unaccusative v P is phase and the cyclic head TRANS separates the trigger and the target of the readjusting tone reduction rule. Therefore,the opacity problems, which that lexical phonology tried to solve painstakingly but vainly, are nullified in some cases and plausibly explained in the other.

关 键 词：词库主义 分布形态学 重叠 调整规则 语段 

分 类 号：H11[语言文字—汉语] H146.3