灌溉定额及分配对建植当年苜蓿生产性能的影响  

Effects of irrigation quota and distribution on the production performance of alfalfa in the first growth year

作　　者：张前兵[1,2] 于磊[1,2] 马春晖[1,2] 鲁为华[1,2] 和海秀 Zhang Qian-bing Yu Lei Ma Chun-hui Lu Wei-hua He Hai-xiua(The College of Animal Science ＆ Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Groups, Shihezi 832003, China Tenth Division Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Xinjiang Production and Construction Groups, Aletai 836000, China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验,新疆石河子832003 [3]新疆建设兵团第十师农业科学研究所,新疆阿勒泰836000

出　　处：《草业科学》2017年第3期582-591,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660693);石河子大学青年创新人才培育计划项目(CXRC201605);兵团农业技术推广专项(CZ0021);兵团博士资金专项(2012BB017);国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-35)

摘　　要：本研究设置了3种灌溉梯度,分别为3 750(W_1)、4 500(W_2)和5 250 m^3·hm-2(W3),且在灌溉量为4 500m^3·hm^(-2)(W2)的条件下,设置了3种灌溉定额分配模式,即刈割前、后的灌水量分别为35%+65%(Q_1)、50%+50%(Q_2)、65%+35%(Q_3),探讨不同灌溉定额及分配对滴灌条件下建植当年苜蓿(Medicago sativa)生产性状的影响。结果表明,苜蓿建植当年各生长性状指标中,叶茎比、茎粗对苜蓿干草产量提高及营养品质改善的影响最大,其次分别为生长速度及株高。当灌溉量达到4 500m^3·hm^(-2)时有利于苜蓿建植当年干草产量的提高及营养品质的改善。Q_1灌溉模式能够显著提高滴灌苜蓿建植当年干草产量及粗蛋白含量(P<0.05),降低中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量,进而提高苜蓿的营养品质。This study explored the effects of irrigation quota and distribution on the production performance of alfalfa（Medicago sativa）in the first growth year.Three irrigation quota treatments were conducted：3 750,4 500,and 5 250 m^3·hm^-2.Three irrigation distribution models were conducted under the same irrigation quota of 4 500m^3·hm^-2.The irrigation quota was divided before and after mowing at 35%＋65%,50%＋50%,or 65%＋35%.The leaf∶stem ratio and stem diameter were most strongly affected;these increased hay yield and improved nutritional quality.The next-strongest effects were on the growth rate and height in all growth traits of alfalfa.An irrigation quota of 4 500 m^3·hm^-2 enhanced hay yield and improved nutritional quality of first-year alfalfa.The 35%＋65%irrigation distribution could significantly improve the hay yield and crude protein,reduce NDF and ADF（P〈0.05）,and thus enhance the nutritional quality of alfalfa.

关 键 词：苜蓿 灌溉定额 生长第一年 产量 营养品质 滴灌 绿洲区 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]