清中期东川矿业及森林消耗的地理模型分析(1700-1850)  

The Geographical Model Analysis of Dongchuan Mining and the Consumption of Forest in the Qing Dynasty(1700-1850)

作　　者：金兰中[1] 周琼[2] 

机构地区：[1]德国海德堡大学汉学系 [2]云南大学西南环境史研究所

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2017年第2期84-97,共14页Social Sciences in Yunnan

摘　　要：古代矿冶业往往对矿区及周围森林造成极大破坏,清代滇东北东川铜矿产量居全国之首,消耗了大量木炭,森林的急剧减少引发了严重的灾害,东川至今仍是泥石流重灾区。这是传统史学研究中关于东川铜矿开发的负面影响的一致观点。但在现代地理学研究视野下,基于滇东北区域历史地理数据估算木炭需求量以及植物学相应数据假设植被情况,结论则大相径庭。在本文的研究中,首次利用地理信息系统设计植被变迁模型,计算不同矿区森林破坏的面积,分析当地森林植被破坏的原因后发现,矿业确实严重地破坏了森林面积,但却不是森林消失的唯一原因,滇东北森林消失的原因是多元的,与农业垦殖及商业、柴薪需求等也有密切的关系。Mining and metallurgical activities in many way done great damage to the mining areas and surrounding forest.Copper mining in Dongchuang northeast part of Yunnan ranking top in terms of output production.The high yield consumed lots of charcoal and resulted in dramatic decrease of forest coverage which triggered serious natural disaster.Nowadays,Dongchuang is still suffer from debris flow,and this point has been widely agreed upon by historians on the negative impact from copper mining.However,from perspective of modern geography research,and based on the historic and geographic data in Dongchuang,calculating demand amount of charcoal and assuming botanical forest coverage,the conclusion presented differ completely.For the first time,geographical information system was applied to model forestry coverage change,counting damaged forestry coverage in different mining areas,analyzing reasons behind,the result does prove that mining industry do bring great harm to the forest,however,it is not the only reason to explain disappearance of forestry.The reason for the disappearance of forestry in northeast of Yunnan have a lot more dimension,linking with agriculture production,business activities,demand for fuel and so on.

关 键 词：清代中期 东川 矿业 森林消耗 地理模式 

分 类 号：K928.6[历史地理—人文地理学]