高校餐厅声环境  

Sound Environment of Restaurants in Colleges

作　　者：康健[1,2] 韩志慧[1] 孙建邦[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]英国谢菲尔德大学

出　　处：《建筑科学》2017年第2期47-53,共7页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"特大空间中声学引导人群疏散模型研究"(51378139)

摘　　要：本文主要通过声学参数测量及使用者的主观评价调查对高校餐厅声环境进行研究。通过声学参数的测量,得出两餐厅的声场分布特点、混响时间与频率关系曲线,以及声压级随时间变化关系。通过问卷调查得出用餐区声环境与使用者主观评价之间的关系。研究结果表明:在声场分布方面,两餐厅在噪声源位置、安静区域分布及不同时刻相同区域的声压级高低三方面均有所不同。面积较大的餐厅的平均噪声级比面积较小餐厅高出约6 d B(A)。大餐厅的混响时间比小空间长1.3 s。在主观评价方面,用餐者认为干扰度最大的是人发出的噪声,其次是与餐厅设备相关的噪声,干扰度最小的是与娱乐相关的声源。用餐者认为餐厅中噪声对心情的影响最小,而对收看电视节目的影响最大。除性别外,餐厅来访者的年龄、职业、居住地、停留时间和来访频率等社会特征均与声环境满意度均呈显著相关。另外,两餐厅同种声源的烦扰度也存在一定差异。This article studies the sound environment of restaurants in universities mainly via measurements of acoustic parameters and users＇ subjective evaluation. Based on the measurements of the acoustic parameters of two restaurants,it is concluded that the characteristics of the acoustic distribution, the relation curve between reverberation time and frequency,and the sound-pressure levels change over time. The relationship between the sound environment and the users＇ subjective evaluation of the restaurants is also investigated via a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that in terms of sound distribution,there are three differences between the two restaurants： in the location of the noise source,distribution of the quiet areas,and sound-pressure level of the same area at different times. The average noise level of the restaurant with a larger area is higher（~ 6 d B（A）） than that of the restaurant with a smaller area; in addition,the reverberation time in the former is longer（~ 1. 3 s）. In terms of subjective evaluation,the restaurants consider that the interference degree of the noise from people is the highest,followed by restaurant-equipment noise. The smallest degree of noise is related to the sound of various entertainment sources. Moreover,the restaurants consider that the noise in the restaurants has minimal impact on mood and a significant impact on watching TV. In addition to gender,there is a significant correlation between the sound-environment satisfaction in a restaurant and the age,occupation,place of residence,residence time,visiting frequency,and other social characteristics of the visitor. Furthermore,there is a certain difference between the two restaurants in terms of the annoyance from the same types of sound sources.

关 键 词：高校餐厅 声环境 参数测量 主观评价 

分 类 号：TU112.3[建筑科学—建筑理论]