机构地区:[1]青海省妇女儿童医院神经康复科,西宁810007 [2]青海省残疾人联合会,西宁810000 [3]佳木斯大学康复医学院脑瘫康复科,154002 [4]佳木斯大学公卫学院,154007
出 处:《中华实用儿科临床杂志》2017年第5期374-376,共3页Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics
摘 要:目的探讨青海省小儿脑性瘫痪(脑瘫)的发病率、患病率、流行特征及防治状况。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对青海省10 000例儿童进行流行病学调查。其中1~2岁为发病率调查对象,1~6岁为患病率调查对象:确诊脑瘫病例分别填写脑瘫儿童调查表、儿童发育调查表、脑瘫防治与康复现状调查表,1例脑瘫儿童要填写4例同龄健康儿童发育调查表。应用SPSS 15.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果1~2岁儿童中诊断脑瘫7例,总发病率为3.3‰(7/2 148例),其中城市为0,农村为12‰(7/582例),发病率城乡比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000 1);男5例,女2例,性别比较差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。1~6岁儿童中诊断脑瘫54例,总患病率为5.4‰(54/10 000例),其中城市为2.3‰(17/7 348例),农村为13.9‰(37/2 652例),患病率城乡比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=49.144,P〈0.01);男31例,女23例,性别比较差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。脑瘫各类型比例:痉挛型29例(53.70%)、肌张力低下型9例(16.67%)、混合型7例(12.96%)、共济失调型4例(7.41%)、强直型3例(5.56%)、不随意运动型2例(3.70%)。痉挛型中痉挛型四肢瘫16例(55.17%)、痉挛型偏瘫6例(20.69%)、痉挛型双瘫4例(13.79%)、痉挛型单瘫2例(6.89%)、痉挛型三肢瘫1例(3.45%)。早产(13例,24.1%)、缺氧缺血性脑病(9例,16.7%)及母亲先兆流产(8例,14.8%)位列所有高危因素的前3位。54例脑瘫的并发症前3位分别为智力障碍、语言功能障碍和癫痫。结论青海省小儿脑瘫的发病率和患病率均较高。农村发病率及患病率均高于城市。脑瘫最常见的类型为痉挛型,最主要的高危因素为早产、缺氧缺血性脑病和母亲先兆流产,最常见的并发症为智力障碍、语言功能障碍和癫痫。孕期和围生期母婴保健�Objective To study the incidence and prevalence in the children aged 1 -2 years and 1 -6 years with cerebral palsy (CP) in Qinghai province, and to identify the epidemiological characteristics and control status of the children with CP. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct epidemiological survey of 10 000 children in Qinghai province. Children diagnosed as CP were asked to fill in the CP questionnaires, including children's development, and the status of prevention and treatment of CP. Compared with the children diagnosed as CP, 4 healthy children at the same age were asked to fill in the questionnaires related to children's development. SPSS 15.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results Seven children with CP were diagnosed at the aged 1 -2 years, and the total incidence rate was 3.3‰(7/2 148 cases). The incidence between the urban (0) and the rural areas (12‰) (7/582 cases) was significantly different( P = 0. 000 1 ),while there was no significant difference statistically between boys (5 cases) and girls (2 cases) (P 〉 0.05 ). Fifty - four children with CP were diagnosed at the age of 1 - 6 years ,and the total prevalence rate was 5.4‰(54/10 000 cases). The prevalence between the urban (2. 3‰,17/ 7 348 cases) and the rural areas (13.9‰,37/2 652 cases) was statistically different (Х^2 = 49. 144, P 〈 0. 01 ) , while there was no significant difference statistically between boys (31 cases) and girls (23 cases) (P 〉 0.05 ). The proportions of various types of CP were as follows :29 cases(53.70% ) of spastic type,9 cases( 16.67% ) of hypotonia,7 cases ( 12.96% ) of mixed type,4 cases (7.41%) of ataxia,3 cases (5.56%) of rigidity and 2 cases (3.70%) of dyskinetic,respectively. Among the spastic types, there were 16 cases (55. 17% )of spastic quadriplegia, 6 cases ( 20. 69% ) of spastic hemiplegia,4 cases ( 13.79% ) of spastic diplegia,2 cases(
分 类 号:R742.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]
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