军用密闭舱室烟雾吸入致雄性大鼠心、肺、肝、肾损伤的观察  

Preliminary observation of heart,lung,liver and kidney injury in rats induced by smoke inhalation in military airtight cabins

作　　者：孙磊[1] 陈晟[1] 蔡颖[1] 崔志鸿[1] 刘文斌[1] 陶成玉[1] 刘晋祎[1] 曹佳[1] Sun Lei Chen Sheng Cai Ying Cui Zhihong Liu Wenbin Tao Chengyu Liu Jinyi Cao Jia(Institute of Toxicology, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, Chin)

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学军事预防医学院毒理学研究所,重庆400038

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2017年第6期499-503,共5页Journal of Third Military Medical University

基　　金：部队卫生和疾病防控应用性研究指令性课题(13BJYZ28)~~

摘　　要：目的探讨军用密闭舱室非金属材料燃烧释放的有毒烟雾对雄性大鼠心、肺、肝、肾损伤的特点。方法建立密闭舱室内动物烟雾吸入模型,将36只雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组及烟雾吸入后1、6、24、72 h和7 d组,对照组动物于染毒箱内自由呼吸新鲜空气10 min,染毒组动物于染毒箱内连续吸入烟雾10 min,观察烟雾吸入后动物的中毒症状、血压、心率、血气、血清生化等指标。结果烟雾吸入后,动物立刻出现呼吸节律改变、呼吸困难等CO中毒表现;烟雾吸入后1 h大鼠心率显著下降(P<0.05),p CO2显著升高(P<0.05),p O2显著降低(P<0.05);烟雾吸入后1~72 h组动物谷丙转氨酶(ALT)均显著升高(P<0.05),其中6 h时达峰值(P<0.01);烟雾吸入后各组AST、LDH、α-HBDH、CK及CK-MB等心肌酶谱指标均持续升高,其中1 h组各指标与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论密闭舱室火灾烟雾吸入首先对大鼠的肺脏造成原发性损伤,心、肝、肾产生继发性的功能损害,且上述功能损害主要发生在烟雾吸入后"24 h"窗口期内,其后由于机体代偿可逐渐恢复至正常。Objective To investigate the characteristics of rat heart,lung,liver and kidney injury induced by toxic smoke released from combustion of non-metal materials in military airtight cabins.Methods On the basis of animal smoke inhalation model established in our laboratory,36 male SD rats were divided randomly into control group and 5 inhalation groups（ 1,6,24 and 72 h,and 7 d after smoke exposure）,and the clinical symptoms of poisoning,blood pressure,heart rate,blood gas,and serum biochemical indexes were observed after smoke inhalation. Results After smoke inhalation,the symptoms of CO poisoning,such as respiratory rhythm change and breathing difficulties,were observed immediately.Compared with the control group,the heart rate was decreased in the rats exposed to the smoke,p CO2 increased,and p O2 declined significantly at 1 h after exposure（ P〈0. 05）. The level of alanine aminotransferase（ ALT） was increased significantly in 1 - 72 h after exposure（ P〈0. 05） and reached a peak at 6 h after exposure（ P〈0. 01）. The levels of AST,LDH,α-HBDH,CK and CK-MB were increased constantly in the rats after smoke inhalation,and all of the indexes above were elevated significantly in the group of 1 h post-exposure as compared with the control group（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Smoke inhalation in military airtight cabins can cause primary injury to the lungs and secondary injury to the heart,liver and kidneys mainly within 24 h after exposure,and the body can gradually recover to the normal state because of compensation.

关 键 词：军用密闭舱室 烟雾吸入 系统毒性 雄性大鼠 

分 类 号：R-332[医药卫生] R363.374