地面强激光操控空间碎片避碰的控制策略  

Control strategy of space debris collision avoidance using ground based laser system

作　　者：侯重远[1] 李恒年[1] 杨元[1] 路毅[1] Hou Chongyuan Li Hengnian Yang Yuan Lu Yi(State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics, Xi＇an Satellite Control Center, Xi＇an 710043, China)

机构地区：[1]西安卫星测控中心宇航动力学国家重点实验室,陕西西安710043

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2017年第3期22-27,共6页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(2015AA07046101);国家自然科学基金(11372150)

摘　　要：日益增长的太空碎片为载人空间站和卫星带来严重的安全挑战。2011年,NASA提出使用地面连续激光照射空间碎片,利用其微弱的光压力效应,通过长期积累,改变其轨道,从而预防其与航天器可能的碰撞。这一碰撞避免方法并不把太空碎片拉回大气层内,而是防止碰撞,由于不需要航天器机动,且光压的温和作用也对激光器发射功率没有太高要求,因此这种避碰方法受到广泛关注。然而,该方法的提出者采用的迎面照射控制律尽管简单但非最优,故需要设计最优控制律。通过建立两点边值问题模型,以两物体之间距离的最大化为控制目标,求解了最优性条件。仿真显示,经优化后控制律的避碰效果提高程度非常显著,提高幅度与初轨有关,通常为25%~125%。The growing number of space debris threatens the flight safety of manned space station and satellites. In 2011, NASA proposed to use a continuous ground-based laser station irradiation to change orbit of space debris. The photon pressure is slight but durable, and accumulates to a considerable orbit change. The orbit change will avoid the possible collision. This method does not bring the space debris back into the atmosphere, but to prevent the collision. For the method, the spacecraft is no need to maneuver for space debris collision avoidance, and the mild photon pressure just need median power laser generator. Thus, the method gets widespread concern in recent years. However, the head-on irradiation control law in this method is simple, but not the best. It is necessary to design the optimal control law. Through the establishment of two point boundary value model to maximize the distance between two objects for control objectives, and then solving the optimality conditions, the optimal control problem is solved. The simulation shows that the modified control law has been optimized to improve the performance of collision avoidance, and the degree is very significant, concerning to the initial orbit of the space debris to avoid collision, it is usually 25% to 125%.

关 键 词：地基激光系统 控制策略 空间碎片 避碰 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]