自我威胁刺激对返回抑制的影响  

Self-threat Stimuli Capture Attention:Evidence from Inhibition of Return

作　　者：徐欣颖[1,2] 高湘萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234 [2]上海师范大学心理咨询与发展中心,上海200234

出　　处：《心理科学》2017年第2期296-302,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：使用线索-靶子范式,分别将面孔刺激作为线索(实验1)和靶子(实验2)呈现,考察自我扭曲面孔对返回抑制的影响。结果发现:自我扭曲面孔为线索时,与他人扭曲、他人中性面孔产生了实验性分离,自我扭曲面孔的返回抑制效应量最小;自我扭曲面孔为靶子时,返回抑制消失。研究结果揭示:以自我扭曲面孔为代表的自我威胁刺激激活了威胁性自我概念,缩小了注意搜索范围,可能是导致人际紧张的潜在自我认知机制。The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibition of return （IOR） on twisted self-face, which provides the insight of processing on self-threat stimuli. Cue-target tasks were applied in both two experiments. Different kinds of faces served as cue in Experiment 1 but as target in Experiment 2. The participants were asked to react to the target （a black square in Experiment l and a face in Experiment 2） via pressing the related keys followed by different cues （a face in Experiment 1 and a black square in Experiment 2） as quickly and precisely as possible. At the end of the experiment, the participants were asked if the presenting twisted faces or neutral faces were their own or not. All the participants responded to twisted self-face as their own faces. ANOVAs were conducted on reaction time for each experiment. In Experiment 1, the results revealed significant main effect on cue location [F（1,27）=50.629,p〈.001,η^2=.652] and the reaction time on uncued location （394±7ms） is significantly lower than cued location （407±7ms）, which indicates significant IOR effect. As for the tests on the amounts of IOR among three face configurations, there was significant main effect on face configuration [F（2,54）=5.742, p=.005, η^2=.175] and the paired comparison showed that the effect of IOR on twisted self-face was the most least among the three kinds of faces, which means twisted self-face may seize the resource of attention dramatically. The results of Experiment 1 tell us that the self-threat stimuli on cued location may modulate the subsequent foraging in peripheral visual events, which fiarther testify that IOR is not a ＂blindness＂ adaptive mechanism. In Experiment 2, there was significant face configuration main effect [F（2,42）=14.493,p〈.001,η^2=.408] and the reaction time on twisted self- face was also the fastest. There was significant interact effect between face configuration and cue location [F（2,42）=11.317,p〈.001,η^2=.350]. Further analysis showed that the

关 键 词：自我面孔 自我威胁 视觉搜索 返回抑制 注意偏向 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]