顿悟体验的特性、结构和功能基础  

The Property,Structure,and Functional Base of Insight Experience

作　　者：沈汪兵[1] 袁媛[2,3] 赵源[1] 贡喆[3] 刘昌[3] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院暨应用心理学研究所,南京210098 [2]南京特殊教育师范学院康复科学学院,南京210038 [3]南京师范大学心理学院暨认知神经科学实验室,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学》2017年第2期347-352,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31500870);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2014B15314)的资助

摘　　要：顿悟体验是伴随顿悟问题解决过程的心理和现象学体验,主要包含伴随题解闪现的啊哈体验和因思维定势自动激活而催生的僵局阶段体验。现有研究显示,顿悟体验可能是多类认知与情绪要素构成,兼具认知和情绪加工特性的多维复合体。加工流畅性可部分解释顿悟体验的产生机制,杏仁核、眶额区和脑岛等情绪和奖赏加工的脑区则可能是其脑功能基础。未来须用多元方法从新旧交替视角深化两阶段顿悟体验的研究。An insight, a type of creative cognition in psychology, is pervasive in almost all kinds of domains ranging from technical innovations, artistic creations to scientific discoveries, which is a special way approaching a problem solution through a sequential reasoning by applying previous concepts or methods. In daily life, most people might have a peculiar and unexpected experience when the solution to a problem they struggled with was suddenly achieved. This phenomenologieal experience has been defined as insight experience and considered as definitive of an insightful solution or as the clearest defining characteristic of insight problem solving, which has long been simply equal to aha experience in the moment of insight solution. As the best availably behavioral indicator of insight, insight experience has been widely used as a subjective criterion for distinguishing insightful from non-insightful solutions. A variety of examples concerning insight experience were documented in anecdotes of scientists and inventors, little is known about the processing properties, conceptual structure, and functional mechanisms of such experience itself. Previous findings showed that the insight experience accompanying insight may have temporality. Therefore, this work mainly focused on the above issues and attempted to categorize insight experience into two classes according to temporal dynamics of insight experience and its corresponding cognitive （sub）processes of insight, one is the experience accompanying the occurrence of insight solutions or the so-called aha experience, and the other is the impasse-related subjective experience before successful restructuring during insight problem solving. Through the present review, it would be easily found that the insight experience is both cognitive and emotional in processing characteristics, which has been widely validated by the emotion-like effect of such experience on subsequent cognitive task such as long-term memory and supported by the impasse-related facilitation on i

关 键 词：顿悟体验 啊哈反应 思维僵局 创造性顿悟 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]