创业型大学改革中的锁定效应研究  

On the Institutional Lock-Ins of Entrepreneurial University Reform

作　　者：张其香[1] 赵静幽 陈维军[1] 

机构地区：[1]海军航空工程学院青岛校区,青岛266041 [2]广西师范大学教育学院,桂林541004

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2017年第2期10-16,共7页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"美加英三国推动协同创新的政策工具研究"(14YJC880087)

摘　　要：伯顿·克拉克提出的创业型大学模式成为现代大学谋求卓越发展的蓝本。但是,国外一些大学在依据克拉克的创业型大学模式进行改革的过程中出现了锁定效应,导致锁定效应的原因主要有认知性锁定、功能性锁定、政治性锁定和技术性锁定。认知性锁定是指由于对创业型大学和创业型大学发展模式的趋同性错误认知而导致的锁定效应;功能性锁定指的是由于高等教育系统内部形成了相对稳定的信息圈,削弱了大学寻求其他发展模式的动机;政治性锁定指的是由于政府等权威组织的影响而导致创业型大学的改革偏离正确的轨迹;技术性锁定指大学自身在战略规划制订过程中存在技术性问题,从而导致创业型大学改革发生锁定效应。锁定效应的产生不仅跟大学自身的技术性因素有关,也跟人们对创业型大学模式的理论认知以及国家和地区的影响作用有关。因此,我国大学在实施创业型大学改革的过程中应科学规划,警惕锁定效应的生成误区,正确认识创业型大学的相关理论,政府在加大对创业型大学扶持力度的同时,大学自身也要强化创业意识和创业能力。The model of entrepreneurial university put forward by Clark has become a template for universities to achieve excellent performance. However,some universities abroad end with institutional lockins on the path to entrepreneurial university. The factors that cause lock-ins mainly are： cognitive lock-in,functional lock-in,political lock-in and technical lock-in. The cognitive lock-in is caused by the convergence error cognition of the entrepreneurial university and its development; the functional lock-in happened when the inner higher education system forms relatively stable information circle while weakens the the opportunity for the university to seek other development mode; the political lock-in refers that the influence of government and other authorities lead to the deviation of correct orbit; and the technical lock-in means the technical problems existing in the process of formulating the strategic plans in the development of universities. They are not only related to the university itself,but also to the knowledge about entrepreneurial university theories as well as the power exerted by the governments. Therefore,in the process of entrepreneurial university reform,the plan should be scientifically made in case of the mistakes cased by the lock-ins;the related theories of entrepreneur should be correctly understood; the government should strengthen the supporting of entrepreneurial universities,and the university should strengthen the entrepreneurial consciousness and entrepreneurial abilities.

关 键 词：创业型大学 锁定效应 大学改革 创业意识 创业能力 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学]