播期和密度对芸豆生长、干物质积累及产量的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Growth, Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Common Bean

作　　者：于崧[1] 张翼飞[1] 金珊珊[1] 郭建华[1] 段君君 梁海芸 薛盈文[1] 郭伟[1] 于立河[1] Yu Song Zhang Yifei Jin Shanshan Guo Jianhua Duan Junjun Liang Haiyun Xue Yingwen Guo Wei Yu Lihe(College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop C.ermplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing Heilongjiang 163319)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第6期84-90,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"杂豆全程机械化高产高效关键技术研究与集成示范"(2014BAD07B05-01);黑龙江省科技厅科技攻关项目"黑龙江北部冷凉区杂豆机械化高产关键技术研究与示范"(2014BAD07B05-H11);大庆市指导性科技计划项目"大庆地区芸豆机械化高产关键技术研究与示范"(zd-2016-098)

摘　　要：基于黑龙江省芸豆主栽地区春季频繁发生低温干旱,生产上经常晚播的生产实际,为了寻求适应实际生产条件的播期和密度协调栽培技术,在大田试验条件下探讨了5月15日(I)、5月25日(II)、6月04日(III)3个播期和15万株/hm^2(D1)、20万株/hm^2(D2)、25万株/hm^2(D3)、30万株/hm^2(D4)4个种植密度对芸豆植株性状、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明:相比于第I播期,第II和III播期条件下,芸豆的株高、茎粗、主茎节数和分枝数均有所下降,但芸豆的生长率有所增加。同时,随播期的推迟,芸豆花后的单株干物质积累和群体干物质积累逐渐下降趋势,单株荚数和单株粒数呈先增后减趋势。II-D2处理的产量最高,其次为I-D2和III-D3处理,分别比不同播期下D1处理多27.18%~45.31%、17.57%~34.34%、14.92%~31.31%。总体来看,在3种播期下,合理的种植密度能够使芸豆生长率、花后群体干物质积累增加,构建优良群体结构,在晚播(III)时适度密植(D3)的增产稳产优势更明显。Based on the actual production problem that the sowing date of common bean is always delayed dueto frequent low temperature and drought in spring in its main planting areas of Heilongjiang Province, thisstudy aims to select coordinated cultivation technology of sowing date and planting density for common bean. Afield experiment was conducted with 3 sowing dates（May 15, May 25 and June 04, denoted as I, II and III） and4 planting densities（15×104plant/hm2, 20×104plant/hm2, 25×104plant/hm2 and 30×104plant/hm2, denoted asD1, D2, D3 and D4）, to investigate the effects of sowing date and planting density on agronomic characters, dryaccumulation and yield of common bean. Results showed that compared with sowing date I（May 15）, plantheight, stem diameter, node number and branch number on main stem decreased, but growth rate increasedunder sowing date II（May 25） and III（June 04）. Moreover, with the delay of sowing date, post-anthesis drymatter accumulation in single plant and population of common bean decreased gradually, pods per plant, seedsper plant and weight of 100 seeds in common bean first increased and then decreased. For the seed yield perhectare, II- D2 was the highest, followed by I- D2 and III- D3, and they were 27.18%- 45.31%, 17.57%-34.34%, 14.92%-31.31% higher than D1 treatment under different sowing dates, respectively. Overall, underthe three different sowing dates, reasonable planting density resulted in higher growth rate and post-anthesisdry matter accumulation and excellent canopy structure in common bean population. It was more obvious inincreasing and stabilizing seed yield with late sowing date（III） and moderate high planting density（D3）.

关 键 词：芸豆 播期 密度 干物质积累 产量构成 

分 类 号：S31[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S352[农业科学—农艺学]