美国对学生教育资料的规范化使用及其启示  

On the Standardization of the U.S. Educational Data About Student and its Enlightenment

作　　者：吴亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学法学院,上海200237

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2017年第3期40-46,共7页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"行政调查取证制度的规范化研究"(项目编号:13CFX036)的中期成果

摘　　要：法律要确保学生教育资料免遭教育机构、第三方的不当公开,同时也要为必要且合理的公开设定门槛。学生及家长对其教育资料享有知悉权、允许教育机构向第三方披露的同意权、更正权、监督与救济权。依据使用受限程度的不同,美国学生的教育资料分为个人可识别信息、教育信息、目录信息三种。目录信息可供教育机构和第三方随意使用,个人可识别信息非本人或者家长许可不得使用。教育信息的使用是否要受到学生及家长的同意,取决于两项判断标准:教育信息是否直接涉及学生的教育情况;教育信息是否由教育机构所掌握。其中,受学生与家长控制的一部分教育信息包括:与学籍管理有关的个人可识别信息;直接涉及学生的教育情况、且由教育机构掌握的学生成绩评量、管教辅导资料;教职工私人对未成年学生的心理健康记录;用于监测教学质量、提升学习效果的教师监视器影像等。The law should set a threshold for the necessary and reasonable openness to keep the students＇ education records away from the abusing of the educational institutions and the third-party. The students and their parents are entitled to the following rights： the right-to-know; the consent-right to allow the disclosure of the educational institutions to the others; the right to correct, supervise and make relief. According to the degree of the use limitation, the personal data of American student are divided into three categories： personally identifiable information; education records; and directory information. The directory information can be used at will by the educational institutions and the third-party. The personally identifiable information cannot be used without the permit of the students and their parents. Whether the use of education records need the agreement of the students and their parents depends on the two criteria as follows： the information is related to the educational situation of students directly; and it is maintained by an educational institution. The information maintained by the students and their parents includes： information about the student status management; materials about the achievement test and coach directly maintained by the educational institution; private students＇ psychological heahh record by the staff; and the public monitoring image to supervise the quality of education and promote the learning outcome.

关 键 词：学生教育资料 家庭教育权利和隐私法案 隐私权 美国 

分 类 号：G472.4[文化科学—教育学]