背景音乐对幼儿工作记忆及任务转换的影响  

The Influence of Background Music on Young Children's Working Memory and Task Switching in Kindergarten

作　　者：杨青[1] 谢悦悦[2] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学师范学院,深圳518060 [2]深圳大学心理与社会学院,深圳518060

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2017年第4期48-55,共8页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：广东省教育科研"十二五"规划项目(批准号:2012JK287)

摘　　要：背景音乐对认知的影响研究是背景音乐效用研究中涉及最多的话题之一。幼儿的日常生活与学习活动需要以工作记忆和任务转换的参与为基础,而且幼儿期也是工作记忆及任务转换能力发展的重要时期。本研究采用2(背景音乐节奏:快/慢)×2(背景音乐歌词:有/无)的组间设计,并选取一个无背景音乐组作为对照组,考察背景音乐对幼儿工作记忆及任务转换的作用。结果表明背景音乐对幼儿的任务转换有显著的促进作用,但对幼儿的工作记忆没有显著影响;与慢节奏的背景音乐相比,快节奏的背景音乐对幼儿的工作记忆及任务转换有显著的促进作用;有无歌词对幼儿的工作记忆和任务转换没有显著影响。本研究结果支持了唤醒理论。教师和家长在课堂教学和日常活动中,要坚持因地制宜的原则,注意根据活动类型合理编排并及时转换音乐类型,以有利于调动幼儿的积极性,促进幼儿的发展。The influence of background music on cognitive is one of the hot topics on the utility of background music. Daily learning and life activities of young children are based on the participation of their working memory and task switching. And preschool period is also the critical period that enhances the executive function of working memory and cognitive flexibility. The study used between-group design： 2（background music tempo： fast/slow）×2 （background music lyrics： yes/no）, and set a control group to investigate whether background music could interfere children＇s working memory and flexibility. Results showed that background music had a significant positive effect on children＇s task switching, while had no significant effect on children＇s working memory; the fast-tempo background music significantly improved subjects＇ performance in working memory and task switching compared with the slow-tempo background music; whether there were lyrics, background music had no significant effect on children＇s working memory and task switching. The findings support the arousal theory. In the classroom teaching and daily lives, teachers and parents should reasonably arrange and timely transform the types of music according to the types of activities, in order to helpfully arouse the enthusiasm of children and promote their development.

关 键 词：背景音乐 工作记忆 任务转换 

分 类 号：G612[文化科学—学前教育学]