“腘绳肌离心收缩力矩/股四头肌向心收缩力矩”在预防腘绳肌运动性拉伤和膝关节前交叉韧带损伤方面的应用  

The Application of“Hamstring Muscle Eccentric Contraction Torque/Quadriceps Concentric Contraction Torque”in Preventing Hamstrings Muscle Strains and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

作　　者：曹峰锐[1] 

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学体育学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2017年第2期43-52,63,共11页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：太原理工大学校团队基金(2014TD083)

摘　　要：国外研究中常采用"腘绳肌离心收缩力矩/股四头肌向心收缩力矩"来诊断膝关节屈肌群的离心收缩肌力与伸肌群向心收缩肌力的均衡性,用于预防腘绳肌运动拉伤及膝关节前交叉韧带损伤。"腘绳肌离心收缩力矩/股四头肌向心收缩力矩"是对膝关节进行等速伸展测试后由腘绳肌离心收缩力矩与股四头肌向心收缩力矩计算得出,对腘绳肌离心收缩力矩与股四头肌向心收缩力矩比值的计算主要有4种,且各种计算方法均有其理论依据,但在实践应用研究中将上述各种计算方法同腘绳肌运动性拉伤以及膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的关联性研究仍然缺乏;目前为止,缺乏对腘绳肌离心收缩力矩与股四头肌向心收缩力矩比值重复测试信度的研究;影响腘绳肌离心收缩力矩与股四头肌向心收缩力矩比值的因素主要有牵引拉伸练习、不同的测试体位以及肌肉疲劳;对腘绳肌进行针对性地离心肌力训练可以提高腘绳肌离心收缩肌力,进而增大腘绳肌离心收缩峰力矩与股四头肌向心收缩峰力矩的比值,并且可以有效地预防腘绳肌运动性拉伤的发生;腘绳肌离心收缩力矩与股四头肌向心收缩力矩的理想比值应大于1;"腘绳肌离心收缩力矩/股四头肌向心收缩力矩"是评价腘绳肌运动性拉伤后膝关节功能恢复的有效诊断指标;在临床研究中应注重加强应用"腘绳肌离心收缩力矩/股四头肌向心收缩力矩"来评价膝关节前交叉韧带损伤后不同康复时期膝关节功能恢复情况。Foreign researchers often assessed the muscle balance between knee extensors and flexors by ＂hamstring muscle eccentric contraction torque/quadriceps concentric contraction torque＂.＂Hamstring muscle eccentric contraction torque/quadriceps concentric contraction torque＂is computed by hamstring muscle eccentric contraction torque divided by quadriceps concentric contraction torque after isokinetic knee extension test.Based on different theoretical basis,there are four main types of calculation for the ratio of hamstring eccentric contraction torque to quadriceps concentric contraction torque,but the correlation between ＂hamstring muscle eccentric contraction torque/quadriceps concentric contraction torque ＂ and hamstrings muscle strains and anterior cruciate ligament injuries is still lack.There is little research on the test-retest reliability of ＂hamstring muscle eccentric contraction torque/quadriceps concentric contraction torque ＂.The factors that impact the ratio of hamstring eccentric contraction torque to quadriceps concentric contraction torque mainly contain muscle stretching exercises,different test posture and muscle fatigue.The hamstrings muscle strength could be improved by special eccentric strength training,so as to augment the ratio of hamstring eccentric contraction torque to quadriceps concentric contraction torque,by which could prevent the occur of hamstring muscle strain and anterior cruciate ligament injuries.The appropriate ratio of hamstring eccentric contraction torque to quadriceps concentric contraction torque should be greater than 1.The ＂hamstring muscle eccentric contraction torque/quadriceps concentric contraction torque ＂ is effective diagnostic index that assess the knee function rehabilitation after hamstrings muscle strains,in clinical studies.We should pay more attention to assess the knee function rehabilitation by the application of ＂hamstring muscle eccentric contraction torque/quadriceps concentric contraction torque＂ at different stages after hamstri

关 键 词：腘绳肌 股四头肌 等速测试 离心收缩 向心收缩 拉伤 前交叉韧带 

分 类 号：G804.63[文化科学—运动人体科学]