人体快速起跳动作的下肢表面肌电信号特征研究  

Surface Electromyography Analysis of Body Lower Extremity in Rapid Jump

作　　者：贾谊[1] 薛瑞婷[1] 魏亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中北大学,山西太原030051

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2017年第2期64-70,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：山西省软科学研究计划项目(2016041037-3);山西省体育局科研课题(15TY115);山西省教育科学"十二五"规划课题(GH-15040)

摘　　要：目的:研究计算方法和起跳方式的变化对人体下肢肌肉共激活参数的影响以及人体下肢快速起跳蹬伸动作的神经肌肉控制机理。方法:以10名男子排球运动员作为受试者,采用不同的起跳动作进行起跳,记录其运动学、动力学和表面肌电信号参数,并采用不同方法计算下肢膝关节主动肌和拮抗肌的共收缩指数,同时对不同起跳方式和收缩形式下的标准化肌电值、积分肌电值、平均功率频率等参数进行比较分析。结果:方法 1计算得到的共收缩指数显著大于方法 2和方法 3(F=29.568,P<0.01),不同起跳方式(F=1.457,P=0.239)和肌肉做功形式(F=0.441,P=0.531)下的共收缩指数计算结果无显著性差异。不同肌肉做功形式下的主动肌与拮抗肌积分肌电值差异显著(P<0.01),且主动肌平均功率频率有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:不同共收缩指数计算方法对评估关节周围肌肉的共激活程度存在显著性差异,其可靠性有待进一步考证;人体快速起跳蹬伸过程中,主动肌与拮抗肌都表现出蹬伸阶段i EMG显著高于缓冲阶段的特征;主动肌在缓冲蹬伸动作的转换过程中,表面肌电信号的MPF差异显著,有可能与中枢神经系统对运动单位的控制策略有关,但有待进一步证明;而拮抗肌则没有表现出上述特征。The purpose of this study was to analysis the influence by different calculation methods and taking off strategies for the result of co-contraction index （CCI） of human lower extremity, and also analysis the mechanism of neuromuscular control of body lower extremity in taking off. Ten trained male volleyball players have performed several jumps by different taking off strategies. Kinematic, kinetic and surface electromyography （sEMG） activity were recorded. Three different methods were used to calculate the CCI of agonistic and antagonistic muscles in knee joint and the standardized sEMG, integrated EMG （iEMG） and mean power frequency （MPF） of the agonistic and antagonistic muscles were also analyzed. The results showed that the CCI calculated by method 1 was greater than those by method 2 and 3 significantly （F=29.568, P〈0.01 ）. There was no significant difference for CCI between taking off strategies and muscle work form but was significant difference for iEMG and MPF of the agonistic muscle. We can draw the conclusion that different calculation method of CCI has significant influence for estimating the muscle co-activities and the reliability must be evaluated further more. When performing the rapid countermovement jump, both agonistic and antagonistic show significantly higher iEMG value in upward phase than downward one. The mean power frequency （MPF） of the agonistic has significant dif- ference between upward and downward phase but the antagonistic was not so. This maybe relate to the CNS control strategies of motor unit.

关 键 词：快速起跳 下肢 运动学 动力学 表面肌电信号 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]