岩性识别技术现状与进展  

Current status and progress of lithology identification technology

作　　者：付光明[1,2] 严加永[2] 张昆[2] 胡浩[2,3] 罗凡[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学地球物理与测控技术学院,南昌330013 [2]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所国土资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京100037 [3]中国地质大学(武汉),武汉430074

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2017年第1期26-40,共15页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：中国地质科学院基本科研业务费专项经费(YYWF201526);国家自然科学基金项目(41574133;41104061);地质调查项目(121201103000150017)联合资助

摘　　要：自从1815年世界上第一幅地质图诞生以来,岩性识别即如何刻画、认识地下岩性分布一直是地质学中的重要问题.一个世纪以来,地质填图技术从手工填图发展到了数字填图,但鉴于地表地质填图受深度的限制,只能反映浅表岩性的分布,难于识别深部岩性,在覆盖区更不能给出下伏岩性的变化,限制了资源勘查的效果.为了克服地表地质填图的缺点,地球物理、遥感等技术逐渐引入到岩性识别中,并取得了长足进展.本文从岩性识别原理、方法、效果等方面入手,结合实例,对比分析了当前主要几种岩性识别技术的特点.综合分析认为,三维岩性识别将是资源勘查中重要的一个环节,如何准确识别地下岩性的三维分布特征是实现深部矿产、油气资源勘查突破的关键;从技术层面分析,认为采用钻孔等先验信息约束,开展重磁三维反演,获取地下密度和磁化率模型,根据物性与岩性的逻辑关系,识别岩性的三维分布特征是现阶段三维岩性识别最有可能成功并适合推广的方法.Since the emergence of world’s first geological map in 1815, how to characterize and understand the distribution of subsurface lithology is always an important issue in geology. In the past century,geological mapping technology has developed from manual mapping to digital mapping. However,in view of the deep limitation of surface geological mapping,it can only reflect the distribution of superficial lithology and is difficult to identify deep lithology. What’s more,the changes of the underlying rock properties also can not be given in the coverage area,which limits the effect of resource exploration. In order to overcome the shortcomings of surface geological mapping,geophysical and remote sensing technology are gradually introduced into the lithology identification,and has made considerable progress. This paper strat with the principle,methods and effect of lithology identification and combined with examples,the characteristics of the main lithologic identification technology are compared and analyzed. The comprehensive analysis shows that the 3D lithologic identification will be an important part in the exploration of resources,and how to accurately identify the 3D distribution characteristics of the underground lithology is the key to achieve a breakthrough in the exploration of deep mineral resources and oil and gas resources; From the analysis of technical level,we believe that using the prior information constraint such as drilling to carry out 3D inversion of gravity and magnetic so as to obtain the model of underground density and magnetic susceptibility, and according to the logical relationship of physical property and lithology,then the 3D distribution feature of lithology will be identified,which is the most likely to be successful and suitable for the promotion of 3D lithology identification at the present stage.

关 键 词：岩性识别 重磁 地震 测井 遥感 

分 类 号：P312[天文地球—固体地球物理学]